Gatha | Sentence Translation | Sentence Structure
Vocabulary&Grammar | Commentary | Pronunciation

List of Abbreviations

# sabbasajyojanaj chetva yo ve na paritassati

# savgatigaj visajyuttaj tam ahaj brumi brahmanaj

# (DhP 397)

Sentence Translation:

Who has cut off all fetters and doesn;t crave for anything,
who has overcome all binds and is detached - him do I call a Brahmin.

Sentence Structure:
List of Abbreviations

sabba+sajyojanaj chetva yo ve na paritassati
| | | | | | |
Adj. N.n. V.ger. Rel.Pron.m. part. neg. V.act.in.
| Acc.Sg. | Nom.Sg. | | 3.Sg.pres.
|___________| | |_______| |______|
|_____________| |__________|
|_______________________|
|_____________________________________

List of Abbreviations

savga+atigaj visajyuttaj tam ahaj brumi brahmanaj
| | | | | | |
N.m. Adj.m. Adj.m. Pron.m. Pron. V.act.in. N.m.
| Acc.Sg. Acc.Sg. Acc.Sg. Nom.Sg. 1.Sg.pres. Acc.Sg.
|________| | | | | |
|_____________|_______| | | |
|___________|________|_______|
| |____|
|______|
____________________________________|

Vocabulary and Grammar:
List of Abbreviations

sabbasajyojanaj: sabbasajyojana-, N.n.: all fetters. It is a compound of:
sabba-, Adj.: all.
sajyojana-, N.n.: bond, fetter. For enumeration see the Commentary.
Ac.Sg. = sabbasajyojanaj.

chetva, V.ger.: having destroyed, having cut off. The verb root is chid- (to cut off).

yo: yad-, Rel.Pron.: that which. Nom.Sg.m. = yo.

ve, part.: indeed.

List of Abbreviations

na, neg.: not.

paritassati, V.: is excited, is craving for. The verb root is tas- (to be thirsty) with the prefix pari- (all over). 3.Sg.act.in.pres. = paritassati.

savgatigaj: savgatiga-, Adj.: one who has overcome attachments. It is a compound of:
savga-, N.m.: clinging, attachment, bond.
atiga-, Adj.: overcoming, getting over. It is derived from the verb root gam- (to go) with the prefix ati- (over, beyond).
Euphonic combination: savga- + atiga- = savgatiga-.
Acc.Sg.m. = savgatigaj.

List of Abbreviations

visajyuttaj: visajyutta-, Adj.: unattached, detached. It is the word sajyutta-, Adj. (this is a p.p. of the verb root yuj-, to bind, with the prefix saj-, together) with the prefix vi- (away, without).
Acc.Sg.m. = visajyuttaj.

tam: tad-, Pron.: it. Masculine form: so-, he. Acc.Sg. = tam (him).

ahaj, Pron.: I. Nom.Sg. = ahaj.

brumi, V.: [I] say, proclaim. The verb root is bru-. 1.Sg.act.in.pres. = brumi.

brahmanaj: brahmana-, N.m.: Brahmin, a holy man. Acc.Sg. = brahmanaj.

List of Abbreviations

This verse consists of two syntactically connected sentences. They are:
1) sabbasajyojanaj chetva yo ve na paritassati (who has cut off all fetters and doesn't crave for anything). This can be further analyzed into two segments:
a) sabbasajyojanaj chetva (having cut off all fetters). The subject is omitted, implying the subject of the following sentence. The verb is in gerund, chetva (having cutt off). The object is the compound sabbasajyojanaj (all fetters, accusative singular).
b) yo ve na paritassati (who doesn't crave). The subject is the relative pronoun yo (who, nominative singular). The verb is paritassati (craves, 3rd person, singular, active, indicative, present tense). It is negated by the negative particle na (not). The particle ve (indeed) serves mainly for metrical purposes.
2) savgatigaj visajyuttaj tam ahaj brumi brahmanaj (who has overcome all binds and is detached - him do I call a Brahmin). The subject is the pronoun ahaj (I, nominative singular). The verb is brumi ([I] say, 1st person, singular, active, indicative, present tense). The object is the noun brahmanaj (Brahmin, accusative singular). It has three attributes, the pronoun tam (him, accusative singular, accusative singular) and the adjectives savgatigaj (who has overcome all binds) and visajyutaj (detached, accusative singular).

Commentary:

Uggasena married a dancer and became an acrobat (see DhP 348 for the whole story). Once, while practicing on the long bamboo pole, he heard the Buddha's teachings and attained the Arahantship. Then he became a monk.
Later some monks questioned his attainment and asked the Buddha. The Buddha replied with this verse, saying that Uggasena was truly an Arahant, without any fetters.
There are ten fetters (sajyojana). They can be divided into two kinds, five so called "lower" or "big" fetters and five "higher" or "small" fetters.
The five big fetters are:
1) personality belief (sakkaya-ditthi),
2) skeptical doubt (vicikiccha),
3) clinging to rules and rituals (silabbata-paramasa),
4) sensuous craving (kama-raga),
5) ill-will (vyapada).
The five small fetters are:
1) craving for fine-material existence (rupa-raga),
2) craving for immaterial existence (arupa-raga),
3) conceit (mana),
4) restlessness (uddhacca),
5) ignorance (avijja).

Sentence pronunciation:

Sentence pronunciation

Word pronunciation:

sabbasajyojanaj
sabba
sajyojanaj
chetva
yo
ve
na
paritassati
savgatigaj
savga
atigaj
visajyuttaj
tam
ahaj
brumi
brahmanaj