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List of Abbreviations

# kayappakopaj rakkheyya kayena sajvuto siya

# kayaduccaritaj hitva kayena sucaritaj care

# (DhP 231)

Sentence Translation:

Protect yourself from blameworthy conduct; guard your body well.
Having renounced the wrong bodily deed, practice the right bodily action.

Sentence Structure:
List of Abbreviations

kaya+ppakopaj rakkheyya kayena sajvuto siya
| | | | | |
N.m. N.m. V.act. N.m. Adj.m. V.act.
| Acc.Sg. 3.Sg.opt. Ins.Sg. Nom.Sg. 3.Sg.opt.
|________| | |______| |
|_____________| |__________|

List of Abbreviations

kaya+duccaritaj hitva kayena sucaritaj care
| | | | | |
N.m. N.n. V.ger. N.n. N.n. V.act.
| Acc.Sg. | Ins.Sg. Acc.Sg. 3.Sg.opt.
|________| | |_______| |
|____________| |__________|
|_____________________|

Vocabulary and Grammar:
List of Abbreviations

kayappakopaj: kayappakopa-, N.m.: misbehavior, wrong deed, blameworthy conduct. It is a compound of:
kaya-, N.m.: body.
pakopa-, N.m.: anger.
Euphonic combination: kaya- + pakopa- = kayappakopa-.
Acc.Sg. = kayappakopaj.

rakkheyya, V.: should protect. The verb root is rakkh- (to protect). 3.Sg.act.opt. = rakkheyya.

kayena: kaya-, N.m.: body. Here as "bodily action". Ins.Sg. = kayena.

sajvuto: sajvuta-, Adj.: restrained, governed, guarded. It is a p.p. of the verb var- (to obstruct) with the prefix saj- (together, completely). Nom.Sg.m. = sajvuto.

siya, V.: would be. The verb root is as-. 3.Sg.act.opt. = siya.

List of Abbreviations

kayaduccaritaj: kayaduccarita-, N.n.: wrong bodily deed. It is a compound of:
kaya-, N.m.: body.
duccarita-, Adj.: wrong-conduct, wrong action. It is the word carita-, N.n.: action, conduct (originally it is the p.p. of the verb root car-, to walk, to act), with the prefix du- (wrong, bad).
Acc.Sg. = kayaduccaritaj.

hitva, V.ger.: having renounced, having left behind. It is a ger. of the verb ha- (to abandon, to leave).

kayena: see above.

sucaritaj: sucarita-, Adj.: good-conduct, right action. It is the word carita-, N.n.: action, conduct (originally it is the p.p. of the verb root car-, to walk, to act), with the prefix su- (good, well).
Acc.Sg.m. = sucaritaj.

care, V.: should practice. The verb root is car- (to walk). 3.Sg.act.opt. = care.

List of Abbreviations

This verse consists of three syntactically separate sentences. They are:
1) kayappakopaj rakkheyya (one should protect oneself from blameworthy conduct). The subject is omitted; the verb implies the third person singular pronoun. The verb is rakkheyya ([one] should protect oneself, 3rd person, singular, active, optative). The object is the noun kayappakopaj (from blameworthy conduct, accusative singular).
2) kayena sajvuto siya (one should be guarded as for the body). The subject is omitted; the verb implies the third person singular pronoun. The verb is siya ([one] should be, 3rd person, singular, active, optative). The object is the past participle sajvuto (guarded, nominative singular) with its attribute, the noun kayena (by the body, instrumental singular).
3) kayaduccaritaj hitva kayena sucaritaj care (having renounced the wrong bodily deed, one should practice the right bodily action). This can be further analysed into two segments:
a) kayaduccaritaj hitva (having renounced the wrong bodily deed). The verb is in gerund, hitva (having renounced). The object is the compound kayaduccaritaj (wrong bodily deed, accusative singular).
b) kayena sucaritaj care (one should practice the right bodily action). The subject is omitted; the verb implies the third person singular pronoun. The verb is care ([one] should practice, 3rd person, singular, active, optative). The object is the noun sucaritaj (right action, accusative singular) with its attribute, the noun kayena (by the body, instrumental singular).

Commentary:

A group of six monks wearing wooden shoes and each holding a staff, were walking on a big stone, making a lot of noise and disturbing the peace of other monks. The Buddha asked Venerable Ananda what was going on and having learned about the six monks, he admonished them with this verse (and the following ones, DhP 232, DhP 233 and DhP 234). He also made a new rule for the monks not to wear wooden shoes.

Sentence pronunciation:

Sentence pronunciation

Word pronunciation:

kayappakopaj
kaya
pakopaj
rakkheyya
kayena
sajvuto
siya
kayaduccaritaj
duccaritaj
hitva
sucaritaj
care