Gatha | Sentence Translation | Sentence Structure
Vocabulary&Grammar | Commentary | Pronunciation

List of Abbreviations

# hatthasajyato padasajyato

# vacasajyato sajyatuttamo

# ajjhattarato samahito

# eko santusito tam ahu bhikkhuj

# (DhP 362)

Sentence Translation:

Who has control over his hands, feet
and speech, who is fully controlled,
with inward joy and firm,
in solitude and contented - him do people call a monk.

Sentence Structure:
List of Abbreviations

hattha+sajyato pada+sajyato
| | | |
N.m. Adj.m. N.m. Adj.m.
| Nom.Sg. | Nom.Sg.
|________| |_____|
|______________|______________________________

List of Abbreviations

vaca+sajyato sajyata+uttamo
| | | |
N.f. Adj.m. Adj. Adj.m.
| Nom.Sg. | Nom.Sg.
|_______| |______|
___|_______________|______________________________

List of Abbreviations

ajjhatta+rato samahito
| | |
Adj. Adj.m. Adj.m.
| Nom.Sg. Nom.Sg.
|________| |
____|___________|__________________________________

List of Abbreviations

eko santusito tam ahu bhikkhuj
| | | | |
Num.m. Adj.m. Pron.m. V.act. N.m.
Nom.Sg. Nom.Sg. Acc.Sg. 3.Pl.perf. Acc.Sg.
___|_______| |________|________|
| |____|
|__________________|

Vocabulary and Grammar:
List of Abbreviations

hatthasajyato: hatthasajyata-, Adj.: with control over hands. It is a compound of:
hattha-, N.m.: hand.
sajyata-, Adj.: restrained, controlled. It is derived from the verb yam- (to restrain, to become tranquil) with the prefix saj- (together).
Nom.Sg.m. = hatthasajyato.

padasajyato: padasajyata-, Adj.: with control over feet. It is a compound of:
pada-, N.m.: foot.
sajyata-, Adj.: see above.
Nom.Sg.m. = padasajyato.

vacasajyato: vacasajyata-, Adj.: with control over speech. It is a compound of:
vaca-, N.f.: speech (it is derived from the verb root vac-, to speak).
sajyata-, Adj.: see above.
Nom.Sg.m. = vacasajyato.

List of Abbreviations

sajyatuttamo: sajyatuttama-, Adj.: with highest control, fully controlled. It is a compound of:
sajyata-, Adj.: see above.
uttama-, Adj.: highest, full.
Euphonic combination: sajyata- + uttama- = sajyamuttama-.
Nom.Sg.m. = sajyamuttamo.

ajjhattarato: ajjhattarata-, Adj.: with inward joy. It is a compound of:
ajjhatta-, Adj.: inward, from within.
rata-, Adj.: delighting. It is a p.p. of the verb ram- (to delight in, to be devoted to).
Nom.Sg.m. = ajjhattarato.

samahito: samahita-, Adj.: settled, composed, firm. It is a p.p. of the verb dha-, to put, with the prefixes saj- (together) and a- (towards). Nom.Sg.m. = samahito.

List of Abbreviations

eko: eka-, Num.: one. As an Adj.: alone. Nom.Sg.m. = eko.

santusito: santusita-, Adj.: contented, pleased, happy. It is a p.p. of the verb root tus- (to be glad) with the prefix saj- (completely). Nom.Sg.m. = santusito.

tam: tad-, Pron.: that. Acc.Sg.m. = tam.

ahu, V.: said, proclaimed. The verb root is ah- (to speak). 3.Pl.act.perf. = ahu.

bhikkhuj: bhikkhu-, N.m.: a (Buddhist) monk. Acc.Sg. = bhikkhuj.

List of Abbreviations

There are eight subjects in this sentence. They are:
1) hatthasajyato (with control over hands, nominative singular).
2) padasajyato (with control over feet, nominative singular).
3) vacasajyato (with control over speech, nominative singular).
4) sajyatuttamo (with highest control, nominative singular).
5) ajjhattarato (with inward joy, nominative singular).
6) samahito (firm, nominative singular).
7) eko (alone, nominative singular).
8) santusito (contented, nominative singular).
The verb is ahu (they said, 3rd person, plural, active, perfect). The object is the noun bhikkhuj (monk, accusative singular). It has an attribute, the pronoun tam (him, accusative singular).

Commentary:

There was a monk who was very skilled in throwing stones. Once he was sitting with his friends and they observed some geese flying over them. The monk boasted he could hit the eye of one of the geese. He took a pebble and threw it. The pebble hit the bird in the eye and the goose fell down dead.
Other monks reported the incident to the Buddha who admonished the monk with this verse, telling him not to hurt any living beings and to strive for the Awakenment by the way of practicing restraint.

Sentence pronunciation:

Sentence pronunciation

Word pronunciation:

hatthasajyato
hattha
sajyato
padasajyato
pada
vacasajyato
vaca
sajyatuttamo
sajyata
uttamo
ajjhattarato
ajjhatta
rato
samahito
eko
santusito
tam
ahu
bhikkhuj