Gatha | Sentence Translation | Sentence Structure
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List of Abbreviations

> # idha socati pecca socati papakari ubhayattha socati

> # so socati so vihabbati disva kammakilittham attano

> # (DhP 15)

Translation:

He grieves here, he grieves after death, in both states does the wrongdoer grieve.
He grieves, he is vexed, having seen his own evil deeds.

Sentence Structure:
List of Abbreviations

idha socati pecca socati papa+kari ubhayattha socati
| | | | | | | |
Adv. V.act.in. V.ger. V.act.in. N.n. N.m. Adv. V.act.in.
| 3.Sg.pres. | 3.Sg.pres. | Nom.Sg. | 3.Sg.pres.
|_________| |_______| |_____| |_______|
|_______________| |_____________|
|___________________________| List of Abbreviations

so socati so vihabbati disva kamma+kilittham attano
| | | | | | | |
Pron.m. V.act.in. Pron.m. V.act.in. V.ger. N.n. Adj.m. N.m.
Nom.Sg. 3.Sg.pres. Nom.Sg. 3.Sg.pres. | | Acc.Sg. Gen.Sg.
|__________| |_________| | |______| |
|____________________| | |___________|
| |______________|
|______________________________|

Vocabulary and Grammar:
List of Abbreviations

idha, Adv.: here, in this world.

socati,V.: to mourn, to grieve. The verb root suc-. 3.Sg.act.in.pres. = socati.

pecca, V.: after death. It is a ger. of the verb i- (to go) with the prefix pa- (directional prefix of forward motion). This verb means literally "to go over", it is used as an euphemism for "to die".

papakari: papakarin-, N.m.: wrong-doer. A compound of:
papa-, N.n.: evil, wrong doing.
karin-, N.m.: doer. Derived (by adding the possessive suffix -in) from the word
kara-, N.m.: act, action (this derived from the verb kar-, to do).
Nom.Sg. = papakari.

List of Abbreviations

ubhayattha, Adv.: in both cases.

so: tad-, pron.: it. Masculine form: so. Nom.Sg. = so.

vihabbati, V.: to be struck (with grief), to be vexed, to be grieved. It is a passive of the verb han- (to strike) with the prefix vi- (adding emphasis). 3.Sg.pas.in.pres. = vihabbati.

disva, V.: having seen. A ger. from the verb dis-, to see.

kammakilittham: kammakilittha-, N.n.: bad deed, evil deed. A compound of:
kamma-, N.n.: deed, action. Derived from the verb kar- (to do).
kilittha-, Adj.: bad, impure, unclean. It is a p.p. of the verb kilis- (to go bad,
to get stained, to be impure).
Acc.Sg. = kammakilittham.

attano, attan-, N.m.: self. Gen.Sg. = attano (one's own).
List of Abbreviations

The first line consists of loosely connected sentences. They are:
1) idha socati ([the wrongdoer] grieves here). Here the subject is omitted (it is the word papakari from the third sentence). The verb socati (grieves) is in 3rd person singular, present tense, active voice, indicative. The adverb idha (here) is an attribute to the verb.
2) pecca socati ([the wrongdoer] grieves after death). Again, the subject is the word papakari from the following sentence. The verb is socati (as above). The gerund pecca (having gone) is an attribute to the verb.

3) papakari ubhayattha socati (the wrongdoer grieves in both states). The subject of this sentence (and of the two previous ones) is the word papakari (wrongdoer). It is in nominative singular. The verb is socati (explained above). The adverb ubhayattha (in both places) serves as an attribute to the verb.

The second line consists of two segments:

1) so socati so vihabbati (he grieves, he is vexed). These two sentences are paratactic. They bot have the word so (he, nominative singular) as a subject and verbs socati (grieves, 3rd person singular, present tense, active voice, indicative) and vihabbati (is vexed, 3rd person singular, present tense, active voice, indicative) respectively.

2) disva kammakilittham attano (having seen his own evil deeds). This clause is subordinated to the previous one. It is introduced by the verb disva (having seen, gerund). The word kammakilittham (evil deeds, accusative singular) forms an object. The word attano (one's own, genitive singular) is an attribute to the object.

Commentary:
Doing evil deeds is a sure way to grief and despair. As we know from modern history, the greatest evildoers of this century (Stalin, Mao, Hitler, etc.) did not have an easy life. Their were troubled personalities, seeing enemies behind every shadow. The amount of evil they created hunted them mercilessly and efficiently.
If we commit an evil deed (a definition of evil deed is that it is an action which harms other living beings in any way - physical or mental) not only our consciences bothers us (or at least it should, if we are to call ourselves human beings), but it will also bring us a bad rebirth. Thus, when we see our evil deeds, we will grieve both in this life and in the next one.

Sentence pronunciation:

Sentence pronunciation

Word pronunciation:

idha
socati
pecca
papakari
ubhayattha
so
vihabbati
disva
kammakilittham
attano