Gatha | Sentence Translation | Sentence Structure
Vocabulary&Grammar | Commentary | Pronunciation

List of Abbreviations

# yassasava parikkhina ahare ca anissito

# subbato animitto ca vimokkho yassa gocaro

# akase va sakuntanaj padaj tassa durannayaj

# (DhP 93)

Sentence Translation:

Whose taints are completely removed, who is not attached to food,
whose sphere is the void emancipation without attributes -
his course is difficult to find out - like the path of the birds in the sky.

Sentence Structure:
List of Abbreviations

yassa asava parikkhina ahare ca anissito
| | | | | |
Rel.Pron.m. N.m. Adj.m. N.m. conj. Adj.m.
Gen.Sg. Nom.Pl. Nom.Pl. Loc.Sg. | Nom.Sg.
|_____________| | |_____|_____|
|_______________| |__|
|___________________|___________________________

List of Abbreviations

subbato animitto ca vimokkho yassa gocaro
| | | | | |
Adj.m. Adj.m. conj. N.m. Rel.Pron.m. N.m.
Nom.Sg. Nom.Sg. | Nom.Sg. Gen.Sg. Nom.Sg.
|__________| | | |________|
|___________| | |
|___________| |
|___________________|
__________________________|
|____________________________________________________

List of Abbreviations

akase va sakuntanaj padaj tassa durannaya
| | | | | |
N.m. part. N.m. N.n. Pron.m. Adj.f.
Loc.Sg. | Gen.Pl. Nom.Sg. Gen.Sg. Nom.Sg.
|________|_____| |_______| |
|___| |___________|
|_______________________|
__________________|

Vocabulary and Grammar:
List of Abbreviations

yassa: yat-, Rel.Pron.: that, which. Gen.Sg.m. = yassa (whose).

asava: asava-, N.m.: taint, corruption. Nom.Pl. = asava.

parikkhina: parikkhina-, Adj.: completely removed, destroyed. It is a p.p. of the verb root khi- (to remove, to destroy) with the prefix pari- (all around, completely). Nom.Pl.m. = parikkhina.

ahare: ahara-, N.m.: food, nutriment. Loc.Sg. = ahare.

ca, conj.: and.

List of Abbreviations

anissito: anissita-, Adj.: not attached. It is the word nissita-, Adj.: hanging on, attached to (this word is a p.p. of the verb si-, to lean on, with the prefix ni-, down), negated by the negative prefix a-. Nom.Sg.m. = anissito.

subbato: subbata-, Adj.: void, empty. Nom.Sg.m. = subbato.

animitto: animitta-, Adj.: without attributes. It is the word nimitta-, N.n.: mark, attribute, characteristic, negated by the negative prefix a-. Nom.Sg.m. = animitto.

List of Abbreviations

ca, conj.: and.

vimokkho: vimokkha-, N.m.: emancipation, freedom, release. It is derived from the verb root muc- (to release) with the prefix vi- (separation). Nom.Sg. = vimokkho.

yassa: see above.

gocaro: gocara-, N.m.: pasture, sphere. A compound of:
go-, N.m.: cow
cara-, N.m.: going, walking. It is derived from the verb car- (to walk, to roam).
Nom.Sg. = gocaro.

akase: akasa-, N.m.: air, sky, space. Loc.Sg. = akase.

List of Abbreviations

va, part.: as, like.

sakuntanaj: sakunta-, N.m.: bird. Gen.Pl. = sakuntanaj.

padaj: pada-, N.n.: track, course. Nom.Sg. = padaj.

tassa: tad-, Pron.: that. Gen.Sg.m. = tassa.

durannaya: durannaya-, Adj.: hard to find out. It is the word annaya- (or anvaya-), Adj.: logical conclusion, with the prefix dur- (difficult). Nom.Sg.f. = durannaya.

List of Abbreviations

This verse consists of two paratactic sentences. They are:
1) yassasava parikkhina ahare ca anissito subbato animitto ca vimokkho yassa gocaro (whose taints are completely removed, who is not attached to food, whose sphere is the void emancipation without attributes). This can be further subdivided into three parts:
a) yassasava parikkhina (whose taints are completely removed). The subject is the word asava (taints, nominative plural). It has an attribute, the relative pronoun yassa (whose, genitive singular). The object is the past participle parikkhina (completely removed, nominative plural). The verb is omitted, implying the verb "to be".
b) ahare ca anissito (who is not attached to food). The subject is omitted, the relative pronoun yo (who) is implied. It has an attribute, the past participle anissito (not attached, nominative singular). This word has an attribute, the noun ahare (to food, locative singular). The conjunction ca connects this sentence to the previous one. The verb is omitted, implying the verb "to be".
c) subbato animitto ca vimokkho yassa gocaro (whose sphere is the void emancipation without attributes). The subject is the noun gocaro (sphere, nominative singular). It has an attribute, the relative pronoun yassa (whose, genitive singular). The object is the noun vimokkho (emancipation, nominative singular). It has two attributes, adjectives subbato (empty, void; nominative singular) and animitto (without attributes, nominative singular). They are connected by the conjunction ca (and).
2) akase va sakuntanaj padaj tassa durannaya (their course is difficult to find out - like the course of the birds in the sky). The subject is the noun padaj (track, path; nominative singular). It has an attribute, the pronoun tassa (their, genitive singular). The object is the adjective durannaya (difficult to find, nominative singular). There is a clause, akase va sakuntanaj (like [the course] of the birds in the sky). The word sakuntanaj (of the birds, genitive plural) forms and attribute to the subject of the main sentence (gati). The noun akase (in the sky) is an attribute to the word sakuntanaj. The particle va (as, like) connects the clause to the main sentence).

Commentary:

Venerable Anuruddha was once looking for discarded pieces of cloth in order to make himself a new robe. His wife Jalini from a previous existence, who was now a god, saw him. She brought three pieces of a very good material and put them on the rubbish heap. Venerable Anuruddha found them and took them back to the monastery to make his robe.
The Buddha and other senior disciples then arrived to the monastery and they also helped him to make the robe. Jalini then urged the villagers to bring lots of delicious food to the monastery, so there was more than enough for everyone. Some monks remarked that Anuruddha wanted to show off that he had many devotees, so he made them to bring so much good food. The Buddha overheard these conversations and said that Anuruddha did not ask anyone for anything. Arahants do not ask for food or clothes. They have removed their taints and are free and without attachments. Traditionally, the four taints (asava) are mentioned in the texts: sense desire (kama), desiring eternal existence (bhava), wrong views (ditthi) and ignorance (avijja).

Sentence pronunciation:

Sentence pronunciation

Word pronunciation:

yassa
asava
parikkhina
ahare
ca
anissito
subbato
animitto
vimokkho
gocaro
akase
va
sakuntanaj
padaj
tassa
durannayaj