Gatha | Sentence Translation | Sentence Structure
Vocabulary&Grammar | Commentary | Pronunciation

List of Abbreviations

# yodha kame pahatvana anagaro paribbaje

# kamabhavaparikkhinaj tam ahaj brumi brahmanaj

# (DhP 415)

Sentence Translation:

Who in this world has renounced desires, wanders around homeless,
him, who has destroyed the existence of desire - him do I call a Brahmin.

Sentence Structure:
List of Abbreviations

yo idha kame pahatvana anagaro paribbaje
| | | | | |
Rel.Pron.m. Adv. N.m. V.ger. N.m. V.act.
Nom.Sg. | Acc.Pl. | Nom.Sg. 3.Sg.opt.
| | |______| | |
| |________| | |
|________________|_______________| |
| |________________|
|______________|
|__________________________________

List of Abbreviations

kama+bhava+parikkhinaj tam ahaj brumi brahmanaj
| | | | | | |
N.m. N.m. Adj.m. Pron.m. Pron. V.act.in. N.m.
|_______| Acc.Sg. Acc.Sg. Nom.Sg. 1.Sg.pres. Acc.Sg.
|_____________| | | | |
|______________| | | |
|_____________|_________|______|
| |_____|
|_______|
__________________________________|

Vocabulary and Grammar:
List of Abbreviations

yo: yad-, Rel.Pron.: that which. Nom.Sg.m. = yo.

idha, Adv.: here, in this world.
Euphonic combination: yo + idha = yodha.

kame: kama-, N.m.: sense-pleasure, sense desire. Acc.Pl. = kame.

pahatvana, V.ger.: having renounced, abandoned or eliminated. It is a ger. of the verb ha- (to leave, to give up) with the strengthening prefix pa-.

anagaro: anagara-, N.m.: monk, homeless wanderer. It is derived from the word agara-, N.n.: home, abode, negated by the negative prefix an-. Nom.Sg. = anagaro.

paribbaje, V.: wander about [as monks; not necessarily Buddhist]. The verb root is vaj- (to go) with the prefix pari- (around). 3.Sg.act.opt. = paribbaje.

List of Abbreviations

kamabhavaparikkhinaj: kamabhavaparikkhina-, Adj.: by whom the existence of desire has been completely destroyed. It is a compound of:
kama-, N.m.: pleasure, enjoyment, sense-desire.
bhava-, N.m.: becoming, existence. It is derived from the verb root bhu- (to be).
parikkhina-, Adj.: completely removed, destroyed. It is a p.p. of the verb root khi- (to remove, to destroy) with the prefix pari- (all around, completely).
Acc.Sg.m. = kamabhavaparikkhinaj.

tam: tad-, Pron.: it. Masculine form: so-, he. Acc.Sg. = tam (him).

ahaj, Pron.: I. Nom.Sg. = ahaj.

brumi, V.: [I] say, proclaim. The verb root is bru-. 1.Sg.act.in.pres. = brumi.

brahmanaj: brahmana-, Nj.: Brahmin, a holy man. Acc.Sg. = brahmanaj.

List of Abbreviations

This verse consists of two related sentences. They are:
1) yodha kame pahatvana anagaro paribbaje (who in this world has renounced desires, wanders around homeless). This can be further analyzed into the main sentence a) and the clause b):
a) yo anagaro paribbaje (who wanders around homeless). The subject is the relative pronoun yo (who, nominative singular). It has an attribute, the noun anagaro (homeless, nominative singular). The verb is paribbaje (should wander around, 3rd person, singular, active, optative).
b) idha kame pahatvana (in this world having renounced desires). The verb is in gerund, pahatvana (having renounced). It has an attribute, the adverb idha (here). The object is the noun kame (desires, accusative plural).
2) kamabhavaparikkhinaj tam ahaj brumi brahmanaj (him, who has destroyed the existence of desire - him do I call a Brahmin). The subject of this sentence is the pronoun ahaj (I, nominative singular). The verb is brumi ([I] say, 1st person, singular, active, indicative, present tense). The object is the noun brahmanaj (Brahmin, accusative singular). It has two attributes, the pronoun tam (him, accusative singular) and the compound kamabhavaparikkhinaj (who has destroyed the existence of desire, accusative singular).

Commentary:

In Savatthi there lived a rich family. They had a son named Sundara Samudda. He became a monk and lived in Rajagaha. His family missed him very much and they rented a courtesan to try to tempt him.
She offered food to Sundara Samudda every day. Once she paid some children to play in the street and therefore she invited the monk inside her house, saying that it was too noisy and dusty outside. There she tried to tempt him to give up the life of a monk and become her husband.
The monk got very alarmed and realized his mistake. But the Buddha was mindful of this struggle and sent forth his radiance and spoke this verse to Sundara Samudda. The monk attained the Arahantship.

Sentence pronunciation:

Sentence pronunciation

Word pronunciation:

yo
idha
kame
pahatvana
anagaro
paribbaje
kamabhavaparikkhinaj
kama
bhava
parikkhinaj
tam
ahaj
brumi
brahmanaj