Gatha | Sentence Translation | Sentence Structure
Vocabulary&Grammar | Commentary | Pronunciation

List of Abbreviations

# akkocchi maj avadhi maj

# ajini maj ahasi me

# ye ca taj n'upanayhanti

# veraj tes'upasammati

# (DhP 4)

Translation:

He abused me, he beat me,
He defeated me, he robbed me.
Those, who do not harbour such thoughts,
Their hatred is appeased.

Sentence structure:
List of Abbreviations

akkocchi maj avadhi maj
| | | |
V.aor. Pron. V.aor. Pron.
3.Sg. Acc.Sg. 3.Sg. Acc.Sg.
|___________| |_______|
|_________________|________________________ List of Abbreviations

ajini maj ahasi me
| | | |
V.aor. Pron. V.aor. Pron.
3.Sg. Acc.Sg. 3.Sg. Gen.Sg.
|__________| |________|
_____|__________________|

ye ca taj na upanayhanti
| | | | |
rel.Pron. conj. Pron.m. neg. V.act.in.
Nom.Pl. | Acc.Sg. | 3.Pl.pres.
| | | |___________|
| | |_____________|
|____________|______________|
|____|
|____________________________________ List of Abbreviations

veraj tesaj upasammati
| | |
N.n. Pron. V.act.in.
Nom.Sg. Gen.Pl. 3.Sg.pres.
|____________| |
|_______________|
_____________|

Vocabulary and Grammar:
List of Abbreviations

akkocchi: the verb a+kus- (to abuse, to scold). Aor.3.Sg.: akkocchi.

maj: Pron. aham-, I. Acc.Sg.: maj.

avadhi: the verb vadh- (to strike, to beat). Aor.3.Sg.: avadhi.

maj: see above.

ajini: the verb ji- (to win, to conquer). Aor.3.Sg.: ajini.

maj: see above.

List of Abbreviations

ahasi: the verb har- (to carry, to take). Aor.3.Sg.: ahasi.

me: Pron. aham-, I. Gen.Sg. = me.

ye: rel.Pron. yad-, that which. Nom.Pl.m. = ye (those [people] who).

ca: conj.: and

taj: Pron. tad-, that. Acc.Sg.m. = taj.

na: neg.: not.

List of Abbreviations

upanayhanti: The verb nah- (to bind, to tie) with the prefix upa- (towards). To come into touch with, to tie oneself to. 3.Pl.act.in.pres. = upanayhanti.

veraj: vera-, N.n.: hatred, enmity. Nom.Sg. = veraj.

tesaj: Pron. tad-, that. Gen.Pl.m. = tesaj (their).

upasammati: The verb sam- (to be appeased) with the prefix upa- (towards). To grow calm, to be appeased. 3.Sg.act.in.pres.: upasammati. The form that we can see in the gatha (tes' upasammati) is just an euphonic combination that we come across quite often in Pali poetry.
List of Abbreviations

The first sentence is discussed in the previous verse (DhP 3), therefore we will not repeat it here.

In the second sentence there are only two changes compared with DhP 3. In the third line the verb upanayhanti ([they] harbour) has a negative particle "na" (not) thus changing the meaning of the verb to the negative ([they] do not harbour).

In the fourth line, the negative particle is omitted - the verb has a positive meaning now (and the verb is changed from sammati to upasammati).

Commentary:

This verse is a "twin verse" of the previous one. If we can not conquer the hatred and suffering by crying and feeling powerless, it is exactly by the absence of such thoughts, that our hatred will disappear and dissolve. And when those people who enjoy making us suffer, see that we are not intimidated and do not give in to their way of thinking, they will eventually stop this kind of behavior.

Indeed, it is said very easily and the majority of people will quickly agree with it, but it is extremely difficult to bring this idea to life. Therefore, we must practice this more often in our daily lives - and our effort must bear its fruits.

Sentence pronunciation:

Sentence pronunciation

Word pronunciation:

akkocchi
maj
avadhi
ajini
ahasi
me
ye
ca
taj
na
upanayhanti
veraj
tesaj
upasammati