Gatha | Sentence Translation | Sentence Structure
Vocabulary&Grammar | Commentary | Pronunciation

List of Abbreviations

# anupavado anupaghato patimokkhe ca sajvaro

# mattabbuta ca bhattasmij pantaj ca sayanasanaj

# adhicitte ca ayogo etaj buddhana sasanaj

# (DhP 185)

Sentence Translation:

Not speaking evil, not hurting, restraint in precepts,
moderation in food, solitary dwelling,
pursuing meditation - this is the teaching of the Buddhas.

Sentence Structure:
List of Abbreviations

anupavado anupaghato patimokkhe ca sajvaro
| | | | |
N.m. N.m. N.n. conj. N.m.
Nom.Sg. Nom.Sg. Loc.Sg. | Nom.Sg.
| | |________|______|
| | |____|
|_____________|_______________|__________________________________

List of Abbreviations

matta+bbuta ca bhattasmij pantaj ca sayana+asanaj
| | | | | | | |
N.f. N.f. conj. N.n. Adj.n. conj. N.n. N.n.
| Nom.Sg. | Loc.Sg. Nom.Sg. | | Nom.Sg.
|_______| | | | | |______|
|_________|_____| |______|________|
|____| |____|
___________|________________________|___________________________

List of Abbreviations

adhicitte ca ayogo etaj buddhana sasanaj
| | | | | |
N.n. conj. N.m. Pron.n. N.m. N.n.
Loc.Sg. | Nom.Sg. Nom.Sg. Gen.Pl. Nom.Sg.
|________|_____| | |________|
|___| |___________|
_______| |
|_________________________|

Vocabulary and Grammar:
List of Abbreviations

anupavado: anupavada-, N.m.: not blaming, not finding fault. It is the word upavada-, N.m.: blaming, finding fault, speaking evil; with the negative prefix an-. It is derived from the verb root vad- (to speak) with the prefix upa- (on, onto). The long u (an- + upavada- = anupavada-) is due to metrical requirements. Nom.Sg. = anupavado.

anupaghato: anupaghata-, N.m.: not hurting, not killing. It is the word upaghata-, N.m.: hurting, killing; with the negative prefix an-. It is derived from the verb root han- (to strike, to beat) with the prefix upa- (on, onto). The long u (an- + upaghata- = anupaghata-) is due to metrical requirements. Nom.Sg. = anupaghato.

patimokkhe: patimokkha-, N.n.: the collection of 227 basic precepts of the fully ordained Buddhist monk. Loc.Sg. = patimokkhe.

ca, conj.: and.

sajvaro: sajvara-, N.m.: restraint. It is derived from the verb root var- (to cover) with the prefix saj- (together). Nom.Sg. = sajvaro.

List of Abbreviations

mattabbuta: mattabbuta-, N.f.: moderation, knowing the measure. It is a compound of:
matta-, N.f.: measure, quantity. The compound form: matta-.
-buta-, N.f.: knowing (derived from the verb ba-, to know).
Euphonic combination: matta- + buta- = mattabbuta-.
Nom.Sg. = mattabbuta.

ca: see above.

bhattasmij: bhatta-, N.n.: food, meal. Loc.Sg. = bhattasmij.

pantaj: panta-, Adj.: lit. border, margin; distant, remote, solitary. Nom.Sg.n. = pantaj.

ca: see above.

sayanasanaj: sayanasana-, N.n.: dwelling, bed and seat. It is a compound of:
sayana-, N.n.: bed, couch.
a sana-, N.n.: seat, chair.
Nom.Sg. = sayanasanaj.

List of Abbreviations

adhicitte: adhicitta-, N.n.: "higher mind", meditation. It is the word citta-, N.n.: mind, with the prefix adhi- (above, over). Loc.Sg. = adhicitte.

ca: see above.

ayogo: ayoga-, N.m.: devotion, pursuing. It is the word yoga-, N.m.: bond, connection, with the prefix a- (towards, to). Nom.Sg. = ayogo.

etaj: etad-, Pron.: this. Neuter: etaj. Nom.Sg. = etaj.

buddhana: buddha-, adj. or N.m.: awakened. It is a p.p. of the verb root budh- (to wake up). As a noun: a Buddha (Awakened being) or the Buddha (historical Buddha Shakyamuni). Gen.Pl. = buddhana (instead of the more usual buddhanaj).

sasanaj: sasana-, N.n.: teaching. Derived from the verb sas- (to instruct, to teach).
Nom.Sg. = sasanaj.

List of Abbreviations

The subject of this sentence is the noun sasanaj (teaching, nominative singular). It has an attribute, the noun buddhana (of the Buddhas, genitive plural). The object is the pronoun etaj (this, nominative singular). The verb is omitted, implying the verb "to be".
The object has six attributes:
1) anupavado (not speaking evil, nominative singular).
2) anupaghato (not hurting, nominative singular).
3) sajvaro (restraint, nominative singular) with its attribute, the noun patimokkhe (in precepts, locative singular). This attribute is connected to the preceding ones by the conjunction ca (and).
4) mattabbuta (moderation, knowing measure; nominative singular). This word has an attribute, the noun bhattasmij (in food, locative singular). The conjunction ca (and) connects this attribute to the previous ones.
5) sayanasanaj (dwelling, bed and seat; nominative singular) with its attribute, the adjective pantaj (solitary, nominative singular). This attribute is connected to the preceding ones by the conjunction ca (and).
6) ayogo (pursuit, devotion; nominative singular). It has an attribute, the noun adhicitte (to the higher mind, to meditation, locative singular). The conjunction ca (and) connects this attribute to the previous ones.

Commentary:

The story for this verse is identical with the one for the previous two verses (DhP 183, DhP 184). These three verses have been recited by the Buddhas of all times. It is a simple and basic summarization of most essential Buddhist teaching. Wanting little, content, not hurting others, moral life in seclusion and meditation in order to reach the highest goal, the Nirvana, complete freedom and emancipation of the mind.

Sentence pronunciation:

Sentence pronunciation

Word pronunciation:

anupavado
anupaghato
patimokkhe
ca
sajvaro
mattabbuta
matta
buta
bhattasmij
pantaj
sayanasanaj
sayana
asanaj
adhicitte
ayogo
etaj
buddhana
sasanaj