Gatha | Sentence Translation | Sentence Structure
Vocabulary&Grammar | Commentary | Pronunciation

List of Abbreviations

# yassa rago ca doso ca mano makkho ca patito

# sasaporiva aragga tam ahaj brumi brahmanaj

# (DhP 407)

Sentence Translation:

Who has destroyed passion, hatred, conceit and hypocrisy,
as if a mustard seed falls down from the head of an arrow - him do I call a Brahmin.

Sentence Structure:
List of Abbreviations

yassa rago ca doso ca mano makkho ca patito
| | | | | | | | |
Rel.Pron.m. N.m. conj. N.m. conj. N.m. N.m. conj. Adj.m.
Gen.Sg. Nom.Sg. | Nom.Sg. | Nom.Sg. Nom.Sg. | Nom.Sg.
| |______| |______| |_______| | |
| | | |__________| |
| |___________|_________________| |
| |____________________|
|_____________________________________________|
|_____________________________________________

List of Abbreviations

sasapo+r+iva aragga tam ahaj brumi brahmanaj
| | | | | | |
N.m. part. N.n. Pron.m. Pron. V.act.in. N.m.
Nom.Sg. | Abl.Sg. Acc.Sg. Nom.Sg. 1.Sg.pres. Acc.Sg.
|_________|_____| | | | |
_____| | | | |
|___________________| | | |
|_______________|________|_______|
| |____|
|______|

Vocabulary and Grammar:
List of Abbreviations

yassa: yat-, Rel.Pron.: that, which. Gen.Sg.m. = yassa (whose).

rago: raga-, N.m.: passion. Nom.Sg. = rago.

ca, conj.: and.

doso: dosa-, N.m.: ill-will, hatred, anger. Nom.Sg. = doso.

mano: mana-, N.m.: , N.m.: pride, conceit. Nom.Sg. = mano.

makkho: makkha-, N.m.: hypocrisy. Nom.Sg. = makkho.

patito: patita-, Adj.: made to fall down, destroyed, killed. It is a p.p. of the causative of the verb root pat- (to fall). Nom.Sg.m. = patito.

List of Abbreviations

sasapo: sasapa-, N.m.: mustard seed. Nom.Sg. = sasapo.

iva, part.: like, as (another, more often used form of this word is va).
Euphonic combination: sasapo + iva = sasaporiva.

aragga: aragga-, N.n.: the head of an arrow. Abl.Sg. = aragga.

tam: tad-, Pron.: it. Masculine form: so-, he. Acc.Sg. = tam (him).

ahaj, Pron.: I. Nom.Sg. = ahaj.

brumi, V.: [I] say, proclaim. The verb root is bru-. 1.Sg.act.in.pres. = brumi.

brahmanaj: brahmana-, N.m.: Brahmin, a holy man. Acc.Sg. = brahmanaj.

List of Abbreviations

This verse consists of two related sentences. They are:
1) yassa rago ca doso ca mano makkho ca patito sasaporiva aragga (who has destroyed passion, hatred, pride and hypocrisy, as if a mustard seed falls down from the head of an arrow). This can be further analyzed into the main sentence a) and the clause b):
a) yassa rago ca doso ca mano makkho ca patito (who has destroyed passion, hatred, conceit and hypocrisy). There are four subjects, the nouns rago (passion, nominative singular), doso (hatred, nominative singular), mano (conceit, nominative singular) and makkho (hypocrisy, nominative singular). They are connected by several conjunctions ca (and). The verb is omitted, implying the verb "to be". It has an attribute, the adjective patito (made to fall down, nominative singular). The relative pronoun yassa (whose, genitive singular) connects the sentence to the following one.
b) sasaporiva aragga (as if a mustard seed falls down from the head of an arrow). The subject is the noun sasapo (mustard seed, nominative singular). It has an attribute, the noun aragga (from the head of an arrow, ablative singular). The particle iva (as, like) connects the clause to the main sentence.
2) tam ahaj brumi brahmanaj (him do I call a Brahmin). The subject is the pronoun ahaj (I, nominative singular). The verb is brumi ([I] say, 1st person, singular, active, indicative, present tense). The object is the noun brahmanaj (Brahmin, accusative singular). It has an attribute, the pronoun tam (him, accusative singular).

Commentary:

Two brothers, Mahapanthaka and Culapanthaka became monks. But whereas Mahapanthaka soon became an Arahant, Culapanthaka was quite dull and could not make any progress. His brother then suggested that maybe it would be better for him to return to the lay life.
The monks thought that he spoke out of anger and asked the Buddha if Arahants still have any anger left in them. The Buddha said that Mahapanthaka acted as he thought was the best for his brother - there was no anger at all.
See also the story for gatha 25.

Sentence pronunciation:

Sentence pronunciation

Word pronunciation:

yassa
rago
ca
doso
mano
makkho
patito
sasapo
iva
aragga
tam
ahaj
brumi
brahmanaj