Gatha | Sentence Translation | Sentence Structure
Vocabulary&Grammar | Commentary | Pronunciation

List of Abbreviations

# seyyo ayogulo bhutto tatto aggisikhupamo

# yaj ce bhubjeyya dussilo ratthapindam asabbato

# (DhP 308)

Sentence Translation:

It is better to eat an iron ball, hot like a fire's crest,
than to eat a country's almsfood, immoral and without self-control.

Sentence Structure:
List of Abbreviations

seyyo ayo+gulo bhutto tatto aggi+sikha+upamo
| | | | | | | |
Adj.m. N.n. N.m. Adj.m. Adj.m. N.m. N.f. Adj.m.
Nom.Sg. | Nom.Sg. Nom.Sg. Nom.Sg. |_____| Nom.Sg.
| |_____| | | |________|
| | | |_____________|
| | |______________|
| |________________|
|___________________|
|________________________________________________________

List of Abbreviations

yaj ce bhubjeyya dussilo rattha+pindam asabbato
| | | | | | |
Rel.Pron.n. part. V.act. Adj.m. N.n. N.m. Adj.m.
Acc.Sg. | 3.Sg.opt. Nom.Sg. | Acc.Sg. Nom.Sg.
|___________| | | |______| |
| |_______|_________| |
| | |_______________|
| |____________|
|_________________________|
_________________|

Vocabulary and Grammar:
List of Abbreviations

seyyo: seyya-, Adj.: better. Nom.Sg.n. = seyyo.

ayogulo: ayogula-, N.m.: iron ball. It is a compound of:
ayo-, N.n.: iron.
gula-, N.m.: ball.
Nom.Sg. = ayogulo.

bhutto: bhutta-, Adj.: eaten, devoured. It is a p.p. of the verb root bhuj- (to eat, to devour).
Nom.Sg.m. = bhutto.

tatto: tatta-, Adj.: heated, hot, glowing. It is a p.p. of the verb root tap- (to be hot). Nom.Sg.m. = tatto.

aggisikhupamo: aggiskhupama-, Adj.: similar to the crest of fire. It is a compound of:
aggi-, N.n.: fire.
sikha-, N.f.: crest, edge, point.
upama-, Adj.: similar to, like.
Euphonic combination: aggi- + sikha- + upama- = aggisikhupama-.
Nom.Sg.m. = aggisikhupamo.

List of Abbreviations

yaj: yat-, Rel.Pron.: that, which. Nom.Sg.n.: yaj.

ce, part.: if.

bhubjeyya, V.: may eat. The verb root is bhuj- (to eat). 3.Sg.act.opt. = bhubjeyya.

dussilo: dussila-, Adj.: of bad morality. It is the word sila-, N.n.: virtue, morality, with a prefix du- (bad). Euphonic combination: du- + sila- = dussila-. Nom.Sg.m. = dussilo.

ratthapindam: ratthapinda-, N.m.: the country's almsfood. It is a compound of:
rattha-, N.n.: country, kingdom.
pinda-, N.m.: alms, almsfood, a lump [of food given in alms].
Acc.Sg. = ratthapindam.

asabbato: asabbata-, Adj.: unrestrained, without self-control. It is a p.p. of the verb yam- (to restrain, to become tranquil) with the prefix sam- (together), negated by the negative prefix a-.
Nom.Sg.m. = asabbato.

List of Abbreviations

This verse consists of two related sentences. They are:
1) seyyo ayogulo bhutto tatto aggisikhupamo (it is better to eat an iron ball, hot like a fire's crest). The subject is the compound ayogulo (iron ball, nominative singular). It has three attributes, the past participles bhutto (eaten, nominative singular) and tatto (heated, nominative singular). The third attribute is the compound adjective aggisikhupamo (similar to a fire's crest, nominative singular). The verb is omitted, implying the verb "to be". The object is the adjective seyyo (better, nominative singular).
2) yaj ce bhubjeyya dussilo ratthapindam asabbato (than to eat a country's almsfood, immoral and without self-control). There are two subjects, the adjectives dussilo (immoral, nominative singular) and asabbato (without self-control, nominative singular). The verb is bhubjeyya (should eat, 3rd person, singular, active, optative). The object is the compound ratthapindam (country's almsfood, accusative singular). The relative pronoun yaj (that, what; nominative singular) and the particle ce (if) form two parts of the phrase yaj ce (than). It connects this part of the sentence to the previous one.

Commentary:

Once there was a famine. In order to have enough food, some monks pretended in front of lay followers that they have attained Arahantship. The lay followers offered them only the best food, leaving almost nothing for themselves.
At the end of the Rain Retreat, the monks went to see the Buddha. Whereas all the other monks were pale and undernourished, this group was very healthy and fat. The Buddha asked them how that was possible. They told him what happened. The Buddha spoke this verse, saying that for a monk to pretend some level of attainment was one of the worst things to do.

Sentence pronunciation:

Sentence pronunciation

Word pronunciation:

seyyo
ayogulo
ayo
gulo
bhutto
tatto
aggisikhupamo
aggi
sikha
upamo
yaj
ce
bhubjeyya
dussilo
ratthapindam
rattha
pindam
asabbato