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List of Abbreviations

# hitva manusakaj yogaj dibbaj yogaj upaccaga

# sabbayogavisajyuttaj tam ahaj brumi brahmanaj

# (DhP 417)

Sentence Translation:

Who has renounced human bonds, and escaped divine bonds,
who is detached from al bonds - him do I call a Brahmin.

Sentence Structure:
List of Abbreviations

hitva manusakaj yogaj dibbaj yogaj upaccaga
| | | | | |
V.ger. Adj.m. N.m. Adj.m. N.m. V.act.
| Acc.Sg. Acc.Sg. Acc.Sg. Acc.Sg. 3.Sg.aor.
| |________| |_______| |
|_____________| |__________|
|____________________________|

List of Abbreviations

sabba+yoga+visajyuttaj tam ahaj brumi brahmanaj
| | | | | | |
Adj. N.m. Adj.m. Pron.m. Pron. V.act.in. N.m.
|_______| Acc.Sg. Acc.Sg. Nom.Sg. 1.Sg.pres. Acc.Sg.
|__________| | | | |
|______________| | | |
|______________|_______|________|
| |_____|
|_________|

Vocabulary and Grammar:
List of Abbreviations

hitva, V.ger.: having renounced, having left behind. It is a ger. of the verb ha- (to abandon, to leave).

manusakaj: manusaka-, Adj.: human. It is derived from the word manussa-, N.m. (human, person, man) with the adjective suffix -ka. Acc.Sg.m. = manusakaj.

yogaj: yoga-, N.m.: bond, yoke. Acc.Sg. = yogaj.

dibbaj: dibba-, Adj.: divine, heavenly. Acc.Sg.m. = dibbaj.

yogaj: see above.

upaccaga, V.: escape, pass, go by. The verb root is gam- (to go) with the prefixes upa- (near) and ati- (by, beyond). 3.Sg.act.aor. = upaccaga.

List of Abbreviations

sabbayogavisajyuttaj: sabbayogavisajyutta-, Adj.: who is detached from al bonds. It is a compound of:
sabba-, Adj.: all.
yoga-, N.m.: bond, yoke.
visajyutta-, Adj.: unattached, detached. It is the word sajyutta-, Adj. (this is a p.p. of the verb root yuj-, to bind, with the prefix saj-, together) with the prefix vi- (away, without).
Acc.Sg.m. = sabbayogavisajyuttaj.

tam: tad-, Pron.: it. Masculine form: so-, he. Acc.Sg. = tam (him).

ahaj, Pron.: I. Nom.Sg. = ahaj.

brumi, V.: [I] say, proclaim. The verb root is bru-. 1.Sg.act.in.pres. = brumi.

brahmanaj: brahmana-, N.m.: Brahmin, a holy man. Acc.Sg. = brahmanaj.

List of Abbreviations

This verse consists of two syntactically separate sentences. They are:
1) hitva manusakaj yogaj dibbaj yogaj upaccaga (who has renounced human bonds, and escaped divine bonds). This can be further analyzed into two parts:
a) hitva manusakaj yogaj (who has renounced human bonds). The subject is omitted. The verb is in gerund, hitva (having renounced). The object is the noun yogaj (bond, accusative singular). It has an attribute, the adjective manusakaj (human, accusative singular).
b) dibbaj yogaj upaccaga (escaped divine bonds). The subject is omitted. The verb implies the third person singular pronoun. The verb is upaccaga (escaped, 3rd person, singular, active, aorist). The object is the noun yogaj (bond, accusative singular). It has an attribute, the adjective dibbaj (divine, accusative singular).
2) sabbayogavisajyuttaj tam ahaj brumi brahmanaj (who is detached from al bonds - him do I call a Brahmin). The subject of this sentence is the pronoun ahaj (I, nominative singular). The verb is brumi ([I] say, 1st person, singular, active, indicative, present tense). The object is the noun brahmanaj (Brahmin, accusative singular). It has two attributes, the pronoun tam (him, accusative singular) and the compound sabbayogavisajyuttaj (who is detached from al bonds, accusative singular).

Commentary:

A dancer named Nata Puttaka once became a monk and attained the Arahantship. One day he and other monks saw another dancer in the streets, practicing his art. They asked Nata Puttaka if he still missed dancing. He replied that he did not. The Buddha then spoke this verse, confirming Nata Puttaka's Arahantship.

Sentence pronunciation:

Sentence pronunciation

Word pronunciation:

hitva
manusakaj
yogaj
dibbaj
upaccaga
sabbayogavisajyuttaj
sabba
yoga
visajyuttaj
tam
ahaj
brumi
brahmanaj