Gatha | Sentence Translation | Sentence Structure
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List of Abbreviations

# sabbabhibhu sabbaviduham asmi

# sabbesu dhammesu anupalitto

# sabbabjaho tanhakkhaye vimutto

# sayaj abhibbaya kam uddiseyyaj

# (DhP 353)

Sentence Translation:

I have conquered all and know everything.
I am unstained by anything.
I have given up everything, freed through destruction of thirst.
I have found all out by myself; whom should I point out as my teacher?

Sentence Structure:
List of Abbreviations

sabba+abhibhu sabba+vidu aham asmi
| | | | | |
Adj. Adj.m. Adj. Adj.m. Pron. V.act.in.
| Nom.Sg. | Nom.Sg. Nom.Sg. 1.Sg.pres.
|________| |_____| | |
|_____________|_________|________|_____________________
| |_____|
|______|

List of Abbreviations

sabbesu dhammesu anupalitto
| | |
Adj.m. N.m. Adj.m.
Loc.Pl. Loc.Pl. Nom.Sg.
|___________| |
|______________|
_____________|_______________________________________

List of Abbreviations

sabbab+jaho tanha+kkhaye vimutto
| | | | |
Adj. Adj.m. N.f. N.m. Adj.m.
| Nom.Sg. | Loc.Sg. Nom.Sg.
|________| |_____| |
| |__________|
____|___________________|

List of Abbreviations

sayaj abhibbaya kam uddiseyyaj
| | | |
Adv. V.ger. Pron.m. V.act.
|__________| Acc.Sg. 1.Sg.opt.
| |_________|
|_______________|

Vocabulary and Grammar:
List of Abbreviations

sabbabhibhu: sabbabhibhu-, Adj.: conquering all, all-victorious. It is a compound of:
sabba-, Adj.: all.
abhibhu-, Adj.: overcoming, conquering. It is derived from the verb root bhu- (to be) with the prefix abhi- (over).
Euphonic combination: sabba- + abhibhu- = sabbabhibhu-.
Nom.Sg.m. = sabbabhibhu.

sabbavidu: sabbavidu-, Adj.: all-knowing. It is a compound of:
sabba-, Adj.: see above.
vidu-, Adj.: clever, wise, knowing, skilled in. It is derived from the verb root vid- (to know).
Nom.Sg.m. = sabbavidu.

aham, Pron.: I. Nom.Sg. = aham.
Euphonic combination: sabbavidu + aham = sabbaviduham.

List of Abbreviations

asmi, V.: [I] am. The verb root is as-. 1.Sg.act.in.pres. = asmi.

sabbesu: sabba-, Adj.: see above. Loc.Pl.m. = sabbesu.

dhammesu: dhamma-, N.m.: here does not mean Buddha's teaching, but should be interpreted rather as "state" or even more generally "thing". Loc.Pl. = dhammesu.

anupalitto: anupalitta-, Adj.: free from taint, not smeared, unstained. It is the word upalitta-, Adj.: smeared, tainted (it is a p.p. of the verb root lip-, to smear with the prefix upa-, near, on) negated by the negated by the negative prefix an-. Euphonic combination: an- + upalitta- = anupalitta.
Nom.Sg.m. = anupalitto.

List of Abbreviations

sabbabjaho: sabbabjaha-, Adj.: abandoning everything. It is a compound of:
sabba-, Adj.: see above.
jaha-, Adj.: abandoning, leaving behind. It is derived from the verb root ha- (to abandon, to leave behind).
Euphonic combination: sabba- + jaha- = sabbabjaha-.
Nom.Sg.m. = sabbabjaho.

tanhakkhaye: tanhakkhaya-, N.m.: destruction of thirst. It is a compound of:
tanha-, N.f.: thirst, craving.
khaya-, N.m.: destruction, dissolution, end.
Euphonic combination: tanha- + khaya- = tanhakkhaya-.
Loc.Sg. = tanhakkhaye.

List of Abbreviations

vimutto: vimutta-, Adj.: emancipated, freed, released. It is a p.p. of the verb root muc- (to release) with the prefix vi- (separation). Nom.Sg.m. = vimutto.

sayaj, Adv.: self, by oneself.

abhibbaya, V.ger.: having fully understood. The verb root is ba- (to know) with the prefix abhi- (intensifying sense).

kam: kij-, Inter.Pron.: who. Acc.Sg.m. = kam.

uddiseyyaj, V.: should I point out, appoint [as my teacher]. The verb root is dis- (to pint) with the prefix ud- (up, to). 1.Sg.act.opt. = uddiseyyaj.

List of Abbreviations

This verse consists of two syntactically separate sentences. They are:
1) sabbabhibhu sabbaviduham asmi sabbesu dhammesu anupalitto sabbabjaho tanhakkhaye vimutto (I have conquered all and know everything. I am unstained by anything. I have given up everything, freed through destruction of thirst). The subject is the pronoun aham (I, nominative singular). The verb is asmi (am, 1st person, singular, active, indicative present tense). There are five objects:
a) sabbabhibhu (all-conquering, nominative singular).
b) sabbavidu (all-knowing, nominative singular).
c) sabbesu dhammesu anupalitto (unstained by all the things). The object is the past participle anupalitto (unstained, nominative singular). It has an attribute, the noun dhammesu (in things, locative plural) with its own attribute, the adjective sabbesu (in all, locative plural).
d) sabbabjaho (having given up everything, nominative singular).
e) tanhakkhaye vimutto (freed through destruction of thirst). The object is the past participle vimutto (freed, nominative singular). It has an attribute, the compound tanhakkhaye (in destruction of thirst, locative singular).
2) sayaj abhibbaya kam uddiseyyaj (I have found all out by myself; whom should I point out as my teacher?). This can be further analysed into two sentences:
a) sayaj abhibbaya (having found all out by myself). The subject is omitted; the second sentence implies the first person singular pronoun. The verb is abhibbaya (having found out, gerund). It has an attribute, the adverb sayaj (by oneself).
b) kam uddiseyyaj (whom should I point out as my teacher?). The subject is omitted; the verb implies the first person singular pronoun. The verb is uddiseyyaj (should I point out, 1st person, singular, active, optative). The object is the interrogative pronoun kam (whom, accusative singular).

Commentary:

Just a short time after the Buddha had reached the Awakenment, he met a wandering ascetic named Upaka. Upaka was very impressed by the Buddha and asked him, who was his teacher. The Buddha replied with this verse, saying he did not have any teacher, but that he reached the Awakenment completely on his own. At the end Upaka said he did neither believed the Buddha nor disbelieved him and just walked away.

Sentence pronunciation:

Sentence pronunciation

Word pronunciation:

sabbabhibhu
sabba
abhibhu
sabbavidu
vidu
aham
asmi
sabbesu
dhammesu
anupalitto
sabbabjaho
jaho
tanhakkhaye
tanha
kkhaye
vimutto
sayaj
abhibbaya
kam
uddiseyyaj