Gatha | Sentence Translation | Sentence Structure
Vocabulary&Grammar | Commentary | Pronunciation

List of Abbreviations

# yo have daharo bhikkhu yubjati buddhasasane

# so imaj lokaj pabhaseti abbha mutto va candima

# (DhP 382)

Sentence Translation:

The monk who, while young, practices the teaching of the Buddha,
illuminates this world like a moon freed from cloud.

Sentence Structure:
List of Abbreviations

yo have daharo bhikkhu yubjati buddha+sasane
| | | | | | |
Rel.pron.m. part. Adj.m. N.m. V.act.in. N.m. N.n.
Nom.Sg. | Nom.Sg. Nom.Sg. 3.Sg.pres. | Loc.Sg.
| | |_______| | |_______|
|____________|________| |__________|
|______________________|
|_____________________________________

List of Abbreviations

so imaj lokaj pabhaseti abbha mutto va candima
| | | | | | | |
Pron.m. Pron.m. N.m. V.act.caus. N.n. Adj.m. part. N.m.
Nom.Sg. Acc.Sg. Acc.Sg. 3.Sg.pres. Abl.Sg. Nom.Sg. | Nom.Sg.
| |______| | |_______| | |
| |__________| |_________|______|
|__________________| |_____|
|__________________________________|
________________________|

Vocabulary and Grammar:
List of Abbreviations

yo: yad-, Rel.Pron.: that which. Nom.Sg.m. = yo.

have, part.: indeed, truly.

daharo: dahara-, Adj.: young, small, tender. Nom.Sg.m. = daharo.

bhikkhu: bhikkhu-, N.m.: a (Buddhist) monk. Nom.Sg. = bhikkhu.

yubjati, V.: engages in, endeavors, exerts. The verb root is yuj- (to connect). 3.Sg.act.in.pres. = yubjati.

buddhasasane: buddhasasana-, N.n.: the teaching of the Buddha. It is a compound of:
buddha-, Adj.: awakened. It is a p.p. of the verb root budh- (to awaken). As a N.m.: Awakened One, Enlightened One, a being who has attained the Nirvana.
sasana-, N.n.: teaching, message, the teaching of the Buddha. It is derived from the verb root sas- (to teach).
Loc.Sg. = buddhasasane.

List of Abbreviations

so: tad-, Pron.n.: it. Nom.Sg.m. = so.

imaj: idaj, Pron.: this. Acc.Sg.m. = imaj.

lokaj: loka-, N.m.; world.

pabhaseti, V.: illumines, enlighten. The verb root is bhas- (to shine) with the strengthening prefix pa-. 3.Sg.act.caus.pres. = pabhaseti.

abbha: abbha-, N.n.: cloud. Abl.Sg. = abbha.

mutto: mutta-, Adj.: freed, released. It is a p.p. of the verb muc- (to release). Nom.Sg.m. = mutto.

va: a contracted form of eva, part.: just, only.

candima: candima-, N.m.: moon. Nom.Sg. = candima.

List of Abbreviations

This verse consists of two syntactically connected sentences. They are:
1) yo have daharo bhikkhu yubjati buddhasasane (the monk who, while young, practices the teaching of the Buddha). The subject is the noun bhikkhu (monk, nominative singular). It has two attributes, the adjective daharo (young, nominative singular) and the relative pronoun yo (who, nominative singular). The verb is yubjati (engages in, practices, 3rd person, singular, active, indicative, present tense). The object is the compound buddhasasane (in the teaching of the Buddha, locative singular). The particle have (indeed) serves mainly for metrical purposes.
2) so imaj lokaj pabhaseti abbha mutto va candima (illuminates this world like a moon freed from cloud). This contains the main sentence a) and the clause b):
a) so imaj lokaj pabhaseti (illuminates this world). The subject is the pronoun so (he, nominative singular). The verb is pabhaseti (illuminates, 3rd person, singular, active, causative, present tense). The object is the noun lokaj (world, accusative singular) with its attribute, the pronoun imaj (this, accusative singular).
b) abbha mutto va candima (like a moon freed from cloud). The subject is the noun candima (moon, nominative singular). It has an attribute, the past participle mutto (freed, nominative singular) with its attribute, the noun abbha (from cloud, ablative singular). The particle va (as, like) connects the clause to the main sentence.

Commentary:

Venerable Anuruddha had a young pupil, a novice named Sumana. Although he was very young, he not only attained the Arahantship, but he was also endowed with supernatural powers. Once he brought a jar of water for his teacher from Anotatta Lake, which was extremely far away, by using his powers and flying to the lake.
Once Anuruddha took Sumana to see the Buddha. Other novices laughed at Sumana because of his young age. So the Buddha announced that he wanted some novice to bring him water from Anotatta Lake. None of the novices was able to do so, except for Sumana, who flew to the lake as before. The Buddha then spoke this verse, saying that age does not matter if one practices the Dharma diligently.

Sentence pronunciation:

Sentence pronunciation

Word pronunciation:

yo
have
daharo
bhikkhu
yubjati
buddhasasane
buddha
sasane
so
imaj
lokaj
pabhaseti
abbha
mutto
va
candima