Gatha | Sentence Translation | Sentence Structure
Vocabulary&Grammar | Commentary | Pronunciation

List of Abbreviations

# yo imaj palipathaj duggaj sajsaraj moham accaga

# tinno paragato jhayi anejo akathavkathi

# anupadaya nibbuto tam ahaj brumi brahmanaj

# (DhP 414)

Sentence Translation:

Who has overcome this danger, bad place, round of rebirth and delusion,
who has crossed, gone over to the opposite shore, is meditating, free from craving and doubts,
who is emancipated and without clinging - him do I call a Brahmin.

Sentence Structure:
List of Abbreviations

yo imaj palipathaj duggaj sajsaraj moham accaga
| | | | | | |
Rel.Pron.m. Pron.m. N.m. N.m. N.m. N.m. V.act.
Nom.Sg. Acc.Sg. Acc.Sg. Acc.Sg. Acc.Sg. Acc.Sg. 3.Sg.aor.
| | |________|_______|________| |
| |___________________| |
| |_____________________________|
|____________________________________|_________________________I.
|_________________|
|__________________________________III.

List of Abbreviations

tinno para+gato jhayi anejo akathavkathi
| | | | | |
Adj.m. N.n. Adj.m. Adj.m. Adj.m. Adj.m.
Nom.Sg. | Nom.Sg. Nom.Sg. Nom.Sg. Nom.Sg.
| |____| | | |
|___________|___________|______|________|
|_____________________________________________II.
I._________________________________|

List of Abbreviations

anupadaya nibbuto tam ahaj brumi brahmanaj
| | | | | |
V.ger. Adj.m. Pron.m. Pron. V.act.in. N.m.
| Nom.Sg. Acc.Sg. Nom.Sg. 1.Sg.pres. Acc.Sg.
|____________| | | | |
II._____| |_______|________|_______|
| |____|
|___________|
III._____________________________|

Vocabulary and Grammar:
List of Abbreviations

yo: yad-, Rel.Pron.: that which. Nom.Sg.m. = yo.

imaj: idaj, Pron.: this. Acc.Sg.m. = imaj.

palipathaj: palipatha-, N.m.: danger, obstacle. Acc.Sg. = palipathaj.

duggaj: dugga-, N.m.: bad place, difficult road. It is derived from the verb root gam- (to go) and the prefix du- (bad, difficult). Acc.Sg. = duggaj.

sajsaraj: sajsara-, N.m.: perpetual wandering, round of rebirth. It is derived from the verb root sar- (to flow, to move along) with the prefix saj- (together). Thus sajsarati = to move about continuously. Acc.Sg. = sajsaraj.

List of Abbreviations

moham: moha-, N.m.: delusion, bewilderment. Derived from the verb muh- (to get bevildered).
Acc.Sg. = moham.

accaga, V.: escape, pass, go by. The verb root is gam- (to go) with the prefix ati- (by, beyond). 3.Sg.act.aor. = accaga.

tinno: tinna-, Adj.: overcome, crossed. It is a p.p. of the verb root tar- (to cross). Nom.Sg.m. = tinno.

List of Abbreviations

paragato: paragata-, Adj.: gone to the opposite shore. It is a compound of:
para-, N.n.: the opposite shore, the other side.
gata-, Adj.: gone. It is a p.p. of the verb gam- (to go).
Nom.Sg.m. = paragato.

jhayi: jhayin-, Adj.m.: meditating. Derived from the verb jhe- (to meditate). Nom.Sg.m. = jhayi.

anejo: aneja-, Adj.: free from craving. It is the word eja-, N.f.: craving, negated by the negative prefix -an. Nom.Sg.m. = anejo.

akathavkathi: akathavkathin-, Adj.: without doubts. It is the word kathavkathin- (having doubts, a compound of: kathaj, Adv.: how? and katha, Adv.: how?, with the possessive suffix -in) negated by the negative prefix a-. Nom.Sg.m. = akathavkathi.

List of Abbreviations

anupadaya, V.ger.: not clinging, not attached. It is a negated (by the negative prefix an-) ger. of the verb upadiyati (to cling, to be attached). This verb can be analyzed as the root da- (to give) with the prefix a- (towards). Thus adiyati means take up, seize, grasp. Further, the prefix upa- (nearness, close touch) is also added.

nibbuto: nibbuta-, Adj.: emancipated, free, reached the Nirvana. It is a p.p. of the verb root va- (to blow) with the prefix ni- (off, out). Nom.Sg.m. = nibbuto.

tam: tad-, Pron.: it. Masculine form: so-, he. Acc.Sg. = tam (him).

ahaj, Pron.: I. Nom.Sg. = ahaj.

brumi, V.: [I] say, proclaim. The verb root is bru-. 1.Sg.act.in.pres. = brumi.

brahmanaj: brahmana-, N.m.: Brahmin, a holy man. Acc.Sg. = brahmanaj.

List of Abbreviations

This verse consists of two related sentences. They are:
1) yo imaj palipathaj duggaj sajsaraj moham accaga tinno paragato jhayi anejo akathavkathi (who has overcome this danger, bad place, round of rebirth and delusion, who has crossed, gone over to the opposite shore, is meditating, free from craving and doubts). The subject is the relative pronoun yo (who, nominative singular). It has five attributes, the adjectives tinno (crossed, nominative singular), paragato (gone over to the opposite shore, nominative singular), jhayi (meditating, nominative singular), anejo (free from craving, nominative singular) and akathavkathi (free from doubts, nominative singular). The verb is accaga (overcame, 3rd person, singular, active, aorist). There are five objects, the pronoun imaj (this, accusative singular) and the nouns palipathaj (danger, accusative singular), duggaj (bad place, accusative singular), sajsaraj (round of rebirth, accusative singular) and moham (delusion, accusative singular).
2) tam ahaj brumi brahmanaj (him do I call a Brahmin). The subject is the pronoun ahaj (I, nominative singular). The verb is brumi ([I] say, 1st person, singular, active, indicative, present tense). The object is the noun brahmanaj (Brahmin, accusative singular). It has an attribute, the pronoun tam (him, accusative singular).

Commentary:

A princess named Suppavasa was pregnant for an unusually long time. She contemplated on the Three Jewels and then sent for the Buddha asking him for help. The Buddha recited, "May Suppavasa be free from danger, may she give birth to a healthy son." Just as these words were said, Suppavasa gave birth to a son.
When he grew up, he became a monk named Sivali. Very quickly he attaind the Arahantship and was then famous for being able to receive offerings without difficulty.
Once some monks asked why was his mother pregnant for such a long time. The Buddha said that in one of his previous life, Sivali was a prince who lost his kingdom and on an advice from his mother he besieged the city of his rival. As a result, the people of that city were hungry for several days. For this deed, Sivali and his mother had to suffer during the pregnancy and delivery.

Sentence pronunciation:

Sentence pronunciation

Word pronunciation:

yo
imaj
palipathaj
duggaj
sajsaraj
moham
accaga
tinno
paragato
para
gato
jhayi
anejo
akathavkathi
anupadaya
nibbuto
tam
ahaj
brumi
brahmanaj