Gatha | Sentence Translation | Sentence Structure
Vocabulary&Grammar | Commentary | Pronunciation

List of Abbreviations

# yo dukkhassa pajanati idheva khayam attano

# pannabharaj visajyuttaj tam ahaj brumi brahmanaj

# (DhP 402)

Sentence Translation:

Who knows by himself the destruction of suffering in this world,
who has put down his burden and is detached - him do I call a Brahmin.

Sentence Structure:
List of Abbreviations

yo dukkhassa pajanati idha eva khayam attano
| | | | | | |
Rel.Pron.m. N.n. V.act.in. Adv. part. N.m. Pron.m.
Nom.Sg. Gen.Sg. 3.Sg.pres. |____| Acc.Sg. Gen.Sg.
| | |________| | |
| | |____________|______|
| |_________________________| |
| |_______________|
|__________________________________|
|__________________________________________

List of Abbreviations

panna+bharaj visajyuttaj tam ahaj brumi brahmanaj
| | | | | | |
Adj. Adj.m. Adj.m. Pron.m. Pron. V.act.in. N.m.
| Acc.Sg. Acc.Sg. Acc.Sg. Nom.Sg. 1.Sg.pres. Acc.Sg.
|_________| | | | | |
|____________|_______| | | |
|___________|________|________|
| |____|
|______|
___________________________________|

Vocabulary and Grammar:
List of Abbreviations

yo: yad-, Rel.Pron.: that which. Nom.Sg.m. = yo.

dukkhassa: dukkha-, N.m.: suffering. Gen.Sg. = dukkhassa.

pajanati, V.: knows, understands. The verb root is ba- (to know) with the prefix pa- (strengthening). 3.Sg.act.in.pres. = pajanati.

idha, Adv.: here.

eva, part.: just, only.
Euphonic combination: idha + eva = idheva.

khayam: khaya-, N.m.: destruction, dissolution, end. Acc.Sg. = khayam.

attano: attan-, N.m./Pron.: self, oneself. Gen.Sg. = attano.

List of Abbreviations

pannabharaj: pannabhara-, Adj.: one who has put down the burden. It is a compound of:
panna-, Adj.: gone, fallen, laid down. It is a p.p. of the verb root pad- (to go).
bhara-, N.m.: load, burden.
Acc.Sg.m. = pannabharaj.

visajyuttaj: visajyutta-, Adj.: unattached, detached. It is the word sajyutta-, Adj. (this is a p.p. of the verb root yuj-, to bind, with the prefix saj-, together) with the prefix vi- (away, without).
Acc.Sg.m. = visajyuttaj.

tam: tad-, Pron.: it. Masculine form: so-, he. Acc.Sg. = tam (him).

ahaj, Pron.: I. Nom.Sg. = ahaj.

brumi, V.: [I] say, proclaim. The verb root is bru-. 1.Sg.act.in.pres. = brumi.

brahmanaj: brahmana-, N.m.: Brahmin, a holy man. Acc.Sg. = brahmanaj.

List of Abbreviations

This verse consists of two related sentences. They are:
1) yo dukkhassa pajanati idheva khayam attano (who knows by himself the destruction of suffering in this world). The subject is the relative pronoun yo (who, nominative singular). The verb is pajanati (knows, 3rd person, singular, active, indicative, present tense). It has two attributes, the noun/pronoun attano (by oneself, genitive singular) and the adverb idha (here) which is stressed by the particle eva (just). The object is the noun khayam (destruction, accusative singular) with its attribute, the noun dukkhassa (of suffering, genitive singular).
2) pannabharaj visajyuttaj tam ahaj brumi brahmanaj (who has put down his burden and is detached - him do I call a Brahmin). The subject is the pronoun ahaj (I, nominative singular). The verb is brumi ([I] say, 1st person, singular, active, indicative, present tense). The object is the noun brahmanaj (Brahmin, accusative singular). It has three attributes, the pronoun tam (him, accusative singular), the adjective visajyuttaj (detached, accusative singular) and the compound pannabharaj (who has put down his burden, accusative singular).

Commentary:

A servant once escaped his master and became a monk, in due course reaching the Arahantship. Once when he was on an almsround with the Buddha, his former master saw him and tried grabbed him by his robe. But the Buddha explained that the man was not a servant any more, because he already escaped all kinds of enslavement by reaching the Arahantship.

Sentence pronunciation:

Sentence pronunciation

Word pronunciation:

yo
dukkhassa
pajanati
idha
eva
khayam
attano
pannabharaj
panna
bharaj
visajyuttaj
tam
ahaj
brumi
brahmanaj