Gatha | Sentence Translation | Sentence Structure
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List of Abbreviations

# yato yato sammasati khandhanaj udayabbayaj

# labhati pitipamojjaj amataj taj vijanataj

# (DhP 374)

Sentence Translation:

Whenever one understands thoroughly the rise and fall of the five aggregates,
he will obtain joy and happiness. For those, who understand, this is known as "the deathlessness".

Sentence Structure:
List of Abbreviations

yato yato sammasati khandhanaj udaya+bbayaj
| | | | | |
Rel.Adv. Rel.Adv. V.act.in. N.m. N.m. N.m.
|___________| 3.Sg.pres. Gen.Pl. | Acc.Sg.
| | | |______|
| | |____________|
| |________________|
|_____________________|
|__________________________________________

List of Abbreviations

labhati piti+pamojjaj amataj taj vijanataj
| | | | | |
V.act.in. N.f. N.n. N.n. Pron.n. Adj.m.
3.Sg.pres. | Acc.Sg. Nom.Sg. Nom.Sg. Gen.Pl.
| |______| | |_______|
|_____________| |____________|
______|

Vocabulary and Grammar:
List of Abbreviations

yato, Rel.Adv.: whence, since, from which time.

yato: see above. The repetition yato yato: whenever.

sammasati, V.: grasps, seizes, knows thoroughly, masters. The verb root is mas- (to touch) with the prefix sam- (completely, altogether). 3.Sg.act.in.pres. = sammasati.

khandhanaj: khandha-, N.m.: aggregate, group. There are five aggregates that constitute any living being. See commentary. Gen.Pl. = khandhanaj.

udayabbayaj: udayabbaya-, N.m.: rise and fall, increase and decrease, birth and death. It is a compound of:
udaya-, N.m.: rise, increase, birth. It is derived from the verb root i- (to go) aiwh the prefix ud- (up).
bbaya-, N.m.: usually spelled as vyaya-, N.m.: loss, decay, decrease, death. It is derived from the verb root i- (to go) with the prefix vi- (out, off, away).
Acc.Sg. = udayabbayaj.

List of Abbreviations

labhati, V.: obtains, gets. The verb root is labh-. 3.Sg.act.in.pres. = labhati. The form labhati is sometimes used in poetry.

pitipamojjaj: pitipamojja-, N.n.: joy and happiness. It is a compound of:
piti-, N.f.: joy, delight.
pamojja-, N.n.: joy, delight, happiness. Often spelled as pamujja-.
Acc.Sg. = pitipamojjaj.

amataj: amata-, N.n.: deathlessness. A negated (by the negative prefix a-) word mata-, Adj.: dead, which is a p.p. of the verb root mar- (to die). Nom.Sg. = amataj.

taj: tad-, Pron.: that. Nom.Sg.n.: taj.

vijanataj: vijanant-, Adj.: knowing, understanding. It is an a.pr.p. of the verb ba- (to know) with the prefix vi- (intensifying sense). Gen.Pl.m. = vijanataj.

List of Abbreviations

This verse consists of two syntactically separate sentences. They are:
1) yato yato sammasati khandhanaj udayabbayaj labhati pitipamojjaj (whenever one understands thoroughly the rise and fall of the five aggregates, he will obtain joy and happiness). This can be further analysed into two sentences:
a) yato yato sammasati khandhanaj udayabbayaj (whenever one understands thoroughly the rise and fall of the five aggregates). The subject is omitted; the verb implies the third person singular pronoun. The verb is sammasati (understands completely, 3rd person, singular, active, indicative, present tense). The object is the compound udayabbayaj (rise and fall, accusative singular). It has an attribute, the noun khandhanaj (of the [five] aggregates, genitive plural). The sentence is introduced by two relative adverbs yato (when; yato yato = whenever), which connects it to the following sentence.
b) labhati pitipamojjaj (he will obtain joy and happiness). The subject is omitted; the verb implies the third person singular pronoun. The verb is labhati (obtains, 3rd person, singular, active, indicative, present tense). The object is the compound pitipamojjaj (joy and happiness, accusative singular).
2) amataj taj vijanataj (for those, who understand, this is known as "the deathlessness"). The subject is the pronoun taj (that, nominative singular). The verb is omitted, implying the verb "to be". It has an attribute, the adjective vijanataj (for the knowing ones, genitive plural). The object is the noun amataj (deathlessness, nominative singular).

Commentary:

The story for this verse is identical with the one for the six previous verses (DhP 368 – DhP 373) and for the following two verses (DhP 375 and DhP 376).
The five aggregates (khandha) are: rupa (form, body, matter), vedana (feeling), sabba (perception), savkhara (mental formations) and vibbana (consciousness). If we know truly and into last detail how these five aggregates come into being and how they disappear, we experience joy and happiness and know "the deathlessness" - in other words, the Nirvana.

Sentence pronunciation:

Sentence pronunciation

Word pronunciation:

yato
sammasati
khandhanaj
udayabbayaj
udaya
bbayaj
labhati
pitipamojjaj
piti
pamojjaj
amataj
taj
vijanataj