Gatha | Sentence Translation | Sentence Structure
Vocabulary&Grammar | Commentary | Pronunciation

List of Abbreviations

# jayaj veraj pasavati dukkhaj seti parajito

# upasanto sukhaj seti hitva jayaparajayaj

# (DhP 201)

Sentence Translation:

Victory produces hatred. Defeated one dwells in pain.
Tranquil one dwells happily, having renounced both victory and defeat.

Sentence Structure:
List of Abbreviations

jayaj veraj pasavati dukkhaj seti parajito
| | | | | |
N.n. N.n. V.act.in. Adv. V.act.in. Adj.m.
Nom.Sg. Acc.Sg. 3.Sg.pres. | 3.Sg.pres. Nom.Sg.
| |_______| |_______| |
|______________| |___________|

List of Abbreviations

upasanto sukhaj seti hitva jaya+parajayaj
| | | | | |
Adj.m. Adv. V.act.in. V.ger. N.n. N.n.
Nom.Sg. | 3.Sg.pres. | | Acc.Sg.
| |______| | |_______|
|_____________| |_______|
|_____________________|

Vocabulary and Grammar:
List of Abbreviations

jayaj: jaya-, N.n.: victory. It is derived from the verb root ji- (to win). Nom.Sg. = jayaj.

veraj: vera-, N.n.: hatred, enmity. Acc.Sg. = veraj.

pasavati, V.: produce, bring forth, give birth. The verb root is su- (to flow) with the prefix strengthening pa-. 3.Sg.act.in.pres. = pasavati.

dukkhaj, Adv.: painfully, with suffering. It is derived from the word dukkha-, N.n.: suffering.
Acc.Sg. = dukkhaj. Here as an adverb.

seti, V.: lays, dwells. The verb root is si- (to lay). 3.Sg.act.in.pres. = seti.

parajito: parajita-, Adj.: defeated. It is a p.p. of the verb root ji- (to win) withj the prefix para- (over). Nom.Sg.m. = parajito.

List of Abbreviations

upasanto: upasanta-, Adj.: calmed, tranquil. It is a p.p. of the verb sam- (to be appeased) with the prefix upa- (towards, up). Nom.Sg.m. = upasanto.

sukhaj, Adv.: happily. It is the word sukha-, N.n.: happiness. Acc.Sg. = sukhaj. Here as an adverb.

seti: see above.

hitva, V.ger.: having renounced, having left behind. It is a ger. of the verb ha- (to abandon, to leave).

jayaparajayaj: jayaparajaya-, N.n.: victory and defeat. It is a compound of:
jaya-, N.n.: victory (see jayaj above).
parajaya-, N.n.: defeat (see parajito above).
Acc.Sg. = jayaparajayaj.

List of Abbreviations

This verse consists of three syntactically separate sentences. They are:
1) jayaj veraj pasavati (victory produces hatred). The subject of this sentence is the noun jayaj (victory, nominative singular). The verb is pasavati (produces, 3rd person, singular, active, indicative, present tense). The object is the noun veraj (hatred, accusative singular).
2) dukkhaj seti parajito (defeated one dwells in pain). The subject is the adjective parajito (defeated one, nominative singular). The verb is seti (dwells, 3rd person, singular, active, indicative, present tense). The verb has an attribute, the adverb dukkhaj (in pain).
3) upasanto sukhaj seti hitva jayaparajayaj (tranquil one dwells happily, having renounced both victory and defeat). This can be further subdivided into two sentences:
a) upasanto sukhaj seti (tranquil one dwells happily). The subject is the adjective upasanto (tranquil one, nominative singular). The verb is seti (dwells, 3rd person, singular, active, indicative, present tense). The verb has an attribute, the adverb sukhaj (happily).
b) hitva jayaparajayaj (having renounced both victory and defeat). The subject is the word upasanto from the previous sentence. The verb is in gerund, hitva (having renounced). The object is the compound jayaparajayaj (victory and defeat, accusative singular).

Commentary:

King Ajatasattu was the son of King Bimbisara and Queen Vedehi, the sister of the King of Kosala. Ajatasattu and the King of Kosala went to war three times. The King of Kosala was always defeated. Because of this, he was very depressed. He lamented that it was a terrible disgrace; he was not able to defeat Ajatasattu, who was very young and inexperienced. The King refused to eat and just stayed in his bed all the time.
When the Buddha learned about this, he admonished him with this verse. The King realized there was no victory in war and became the Buddha's devoted follower.

Sentence pronunciation:

Sentence pronunciation

Word pronunciation:

jayaj
veraj
pasavati
dukkhaj
seti
parajito
upasanto
sukhaj
hitva
jayaparajayaj
jaya
parajayaj