Gatha | Sentence Translation | Sentence Structure
Vocabulary&Grammar | Commentary | Pronunciation

List of Abbreviations

# apubbalabho ca gati ca papika

# bhitassa bhitaya rati ca thokika

# raja ca dandaj garukaj paneti

# tasma naro paradaraj na seve

# (DhP 310)

Sentence Translation:

Accumulation of demerit; and a bad rebirth.
The pleasure of the frightened couple is very small.
And the king inflicts a serious punishment.
Therefore a man should not chase after others' wives.

Sentence Structure:
List of Abbreviations

apubba+labho ca gati ca papika
| | | | | |
N.n. N.m. conj. N.f. conj. Adj.f.
| Nom.Sg. | Nom.Sg. | Nom.Sg.
|________| | |______|______|
|___________| |___|

List of Abbreviations

bhitassa bhitaya rati ca thokika
| | | | |
Adj.m. Adj.f. N.f. conj. Adj.f.
Gen.Sg. Gen.Sg. Nom.Sg. | Nom.Sg.
|__________| | | |
|____________| | |
|___________|______|
|______|

List of Abbreviations

raja ca dandaj garukaj paneti
| | | | |
N.m. conj. N.m. Adj.m. V.act.in.
Nom.Sg. | Acc.Sg. Acc.Sg. 3.Sg.pres.
| | |_______| |
| | |___________|
|_________|_______________|
|____|

List of Abbreviations

tasma naro para+daraj na seve
| | | | | |
Pron. N.m. Adj. N.f. neg. V.act.
Abl.Sg. Nom.Sg. | Acc.Sg. | 3.Sg.opt.
| | |_____| |______|
| | |___________|
| |______________|
|________________|

Vocabulary and Grammar:
List of Abbreviations

apubbalabho: apubbalabha-, N.m.: accumulation of demerit. It is a compound of:
apubba-, N.n.: demerit, evil. It is the word pubba-, N.n.: merit, goodness, virtue, meritorious action, negated by the negative prefix a-.
labha-, N.m.: gain, obtaining, accumulating. It is derived from the verb root labh- (to obtain).
Nom.Sg. = apubbalabho.

ca, conj.: and.

gati: gati-, N.f.: direction, course. It is derived from the verb gam- (to go). Nom.Sg. = gati.
The form gati is sometimes used in poetry.

ca, conj.: and.

papika: papika-, Adj.: wrong, bad. It is the word papa-, N.n.: evil, wrong doing with the adjective suffix -ka. Nom.Sg.f. = papika.

List of Abbreviations

bhitassa: bhita-, Adj.: afraid. It is a p.p. of the verb root bhi- (to be afraid). Gen.Sg.m. = bhitassa.

bhitaya: bhita-, Adj.: see above. Gen.Sg.f. = bhitaya.

rati: rati-, N.f.: love, attachment, liking for. Nom.Sg. = rati. The form rati is sometimes used in poetry.

ca, conj.: and.

thokika: thokika-, Adj.: little, small, insignificant. Nom.Sg.f. = thokika.

raja: rajan-, N.m.: king. Nom.Sg. = raja.

ca, conj.: and.

dandaj: danda-, N.m.: stick, club, punishment. Acc.Sg. = dandaj.

List of Abbreviations

garukaj: garuka-, Adj.: heavy, serious. Acc.Sg.m. = garukaj.

paneti, V.: applies, brings on, inflicts. The verb root is ni- (to lead) with the prefix pa- (strengthening). 3.Sg.act.in.pres. = paneti.

tasma: tad-, Pron.: that. Abl.Sg. = tasma (therefore, lit. "from that").

naro: nara-, N.m.: man, person. Nom.Sg. = naro.

paradaraj: paradara-, N.f.: other's wife. It is a compound of:
para-, Adj.: different, other.
dara-, N.f.: wife.
Acc.Sg. = paradaraj.

na, neg.: not.

seve, V.: associate with, practice, embrace. The verb root is sev-. 3.Sg.act.opt. = seve.

List of Abbreviations

This verse consists of five syntactically separate sentences. They are:
1) apubbalabho ca (accumulation of demerit). The subject is the compound apubbalabho (accumulation of demerit, nominative singular). The conjunction ca (and) connects the sentence to the following one.
2) gati ca papika (and a bad rebirth). The subject is the noun gati (rebirth, nominative singular). It has an attribute, the adjective papika (bad, nominative singular). The conjunction ca (and) connects the sentence to the following one.
3) bhitassa bhitaya rati ca thokika (the pleasure of the frightened couple is very small). The subject is the noun rati (pleasure, nominative singular). It has two attributes, the past participles bhitassa (of the frightened [man], genitive singular) and bhitaya (of the frightened [woman], genitive singular). The verb is omitted, implying the verb "to be". The object is the adjective thokika (very small, nominative singular). The conjunction ca (and) connects the sentence to the following one.
4) raja ca dandaj garukaj paneti (and the king inflicts a serious punishment). The subject is the noun raja (king, nominative singular). The verb is paneti (applies, 3rd person, singular, active, indicative, present tense). The object is the noun dandaj (punishment, accusative singular) with its attribute, the adjective garukaj (heavy, accusative singular). The conjunction ca (and) connects the sentence to the following one.
5) tasma naro paradaraj na seve (therefore a man should not chase after others' wives). The sentence is introduced by the pronoun tasma (therefore, lit. "from that", ablative singular). The subject is the noun naro (man, nominative singular). The verb is seve (should associate with, 3rd person, singular, active, optative). It is negated by the negative particle na (not). The object is the compound paradaraj (other's wife, accusative singular).

Commentary:

The story for this verse is identical with the one for the previous verse (DhP 309).

Sentence pronunciation:

Sentence pronunciation

Word pronunciation:

apubbalabho
apubba
labho
ca
gati
papika
bhitassa
bhitaya
rati
thokika
raja
dandaj
garukaj
paneti
tasma
naro
paradaraj
para
daraj
na
seve