Gatha | Sentence Translation | Sentence Structure
Vocabulary&Grammar | Commentary | Pronunciation

List of Abbreviations

# yo panam atipateti musavadaj ca bhasati

# loke adinnam adiyati paradaraj ca gacchati

# (DhP 246)

Sentence Translation:

Who kills living beings, speaks falsely,
takes whatever in the world is not given and goes to another's wife,
[continued in DhP 247]

Sentence Structure:
List of Abbreviations

yo panam atipateti musa+vadaj ca bhasati
| | | | | | |
Rel.Pron.m. N.m. V.act.caus. Adv. N.m. conj. V.act.in.
Nom.Sg. Acc.Sg. 3.Sg.pres. | Acc.Sg. | 3.Sg.pres.
| |_______| |______| | |
| | |________|_______|
| | |____|
| |____________________|_______________________________
|__________________________|

List of Abbreviations

loke adinnam adiyati para+daraj ca gacchati
| | | | | | |
N.m. Adj.n. V.med.in. Adj. N.f. conj. V.act.in.
Loc.Sg. Acc.Sg. 3.Sg.pres. | Acc.Sg. | 3.Sg.pres.
|_________| | |_____| | |
|_____________| |________|______|
| |___|
___________|______________________|

Vocabulary and Grammar:
List of Abbreviations

yo: yad-, Rel.Pron.: that which. Nom.Sg.m. = yo.

panam: pana-, N.m.: breath, life, living being. Acc.Sg. = panam.

atipateti, V.: destroys, kills. It is a causative of the verb root pat- (to fall) with the prefix ati- (on to). 3.Sg.act.caus.pres. = atipateti.

musavadaj: musavada-, N.m.: lying, lie. It is a compound of:
musa, Adv.: falsely, wrongly.
vada-, N.m.: speaking, talk. It is derived from the verb root vad- (to speak).
Acc.Sg. = musavadaj.

ca, conj.: and.

bhasati, V.: speaks. The verb root is bhas-. 3.Sg.act.in.pres. = bhasati.

List of Abbreviations

loke: loka-, N.m.: world. Loc.Sg. = loke.

adinnam: adinna-, Adj.: what is not given. It is the word dinna-, Adj.: given (it is a p.p. of the verb root da-, to give) negated by the negative prefix a-. Acc.Sg.n. = adinnam.

adiyati, V.: takes up, seizes, grasps. The verb root is da- (to give) with the prefix a- (towards). 3.Sg.med.in.pres. = adiyati.

paradaraj: paradara-, N.f.: other's wife. It is a compound of:
para-, Adj.: different, other.
dara-, N.f.: wife.
Acc.Sg. = paradaraj.

ca: see above.

gacchati, V.: goes. The verb root is gam- (to go). 3.Sg.act.in.pres. = gacchati.

List of Abbreviations

This verse consists of four sentences. They all have as a subject the relative pronoun yo (who, whoever, nominative singular):
1) panam atipateti (kills living beings). The verb is atipateti (kills, 3rd person, singular, active, causative, present tense). The object is the noun panam (living being, accusative singular).
2) musavadaj ca bhasati (speaks falsely). The verb is bhasati (speaks, 3rd person, singular, active, indicative, present tense). The object is the compound musavadaj (lie, accusative singular). The conjunction ca (and) connects this sentence to the other ones.
3) loke adinnam adiyati (takes whatever in the world is not given). The verb is adiyati (takes, 3rd person, singular, medium, indicative, present tense). The object is the past participle adinnam (not given, accusative singular). It has an attribute, the noun loke (in the world, locative singular).
4) paradaraj ca gacchati (goes to another's wife). The verb is gacchati (goes, 3rd person, singular, active, indicative, present tense). The object is the compound paradaraj (to another's wife, accusative singular). The conjunction ca (and) connects this sentence to the other ones.

Commentary:

Not only monks stayed at the Jetavana monastery. Lay followers would also come to stay for a few days, observe precepts and meditate. Once five lay disciples observed one precept each. They all claimed that he was observing the most difficult precept. They argued for a long time and then reported the matter to the Buddha.
The Buddha replied them with this verse (and the following ones, DhP 247 and DhP 248), saying that all the precepts are very difficult and all of them are equally important for a good life.

Sentence pronunciation:

Sentence pronunciation

Word pronunciation:

yo
panam
atipateti
musavadaj
musa
vadaj
ca
bhasati
loke
adinnam
adiyati
paradaraj
para
daraj
gacchati