Gatha | Sentence Translation | Sentence Structure
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List of Abbreviations

# tasinaya purakkhata paja parisappanti saso va bandhito

# sajyojanasavgasattaka dukkham upenti punappunaj ciraya

# (DhP 342)

Sentence Translation:

People followed by thirst crawl around like a captured hare.
Bound by the bonds of the Ten Fetters, they will undergo suffering again and again, for a long time.

Sentence Structure:
List of Abbreviations

tasinaya purakkhata paja parisappanti saso va bandhito
| | | | | | |
N.f. Adj.f. N.f. V.act.in. N.m. part. Adj.m.
Ins.Sg. Nom.Pl. Nom.Pl. 3.Pl.pres. Nom.Sg. | Nom.Sg.
|___________| | | |______|_____|
|_____________| | |__|
|______________| |
|___________________|

List of Abbreviations

sajyojana+savga+sattaka dukkham upenti punappunaj ciraya
| | | | | | |
N.n. N.m. Adj.m. N.n. V.act.in. Adv. Adj.
|___________| Nom.Pl. Acc.Sg. 3.Pl.pres. |________|
|____________| | |____________|
| |_____________|
|____________________|

Vocabulary and Grammar:
List of Abbreviations

tasinaya: tasina-, N.f.: thirst, craving. It is a different form of the word tanha-, N.f. Ins.Sg. = tasinaya.

purakkhata: purakkhata-, Adj.: honored, preferred. Here in the meaning of followed, encircled. Nom.Pl.f. = purakkhata.

paja: paja-, N.f.: beings, people, mankind. Nom.Pl. = paja.

parisappanti, V.: crawl, run about. The verb root is sap- (to crawl) with the prefix pari- (around). 3.Pl.act.in.pres. = parisappanti.

saso: sasa-, N.m.: hare, rabbit. Nom.Sg. = saso.

va, part.: as, like.

bandhito: bandhita-, Adj.: bound, caught. It is a p.p. of the verb root bandh- (to bind).
Nom.Sg.m. = bandhito.

List of Abbreviations

sajyojanasavgasattaka: sajyojanasavgasattaka-, Adj.: bound by the bonds of the Ten Fetters. It is a compound of:
sajyojana-, N.n.: bond, fetter. For enumeration see the Commentary.
savga-, N.m.: clinging, attachment, bond.
sattaka-, N.m.: attachment, bond. It is the word satta-, Adj.: clinging, attached (it is a p.p. of the verb root sabj-) with the diminutive suffix -ka.
Nom.Pl.m. = sajyojanasavgasattaka.

dukkham: dukkha-, N.n.: suffering. Acc.Sg. = dukkham.

upenti, V.: undergo, come to, approach. The verb root is i- (to go) with the prefix upa- (near). 3.Pl.act.in.pres. = upenti.

punappunaj, Adv.: again and again. It is the word puna, Ind.: again, doubled in intensifying sense. The double -p- is a result of the euphonic combination.

ciraya: cira-, Adj.: long (of time). Dat.Sg. = ciraya (for a long time).

List of Abbreviations

This verse consists of two syntactically separate sentences. They are:
1) tasinaya purakkhata paja parisappanti saso va bandhito (people followed by thirst crawl around like a captured hare). This can be further analysed into the main sentence a) and the dependent clause b):
a) tasinaya purakkhata paja parisappanti (people followed by thirst crawl around). The subject is the noun paja (people, nominative plural). It has an attribute, the adjective purakkhata (followed, nominative plural) with its own attribute, the noun tasinaya (by thirst, instrumental singular). The verb is parisappanti (crawl around, 3rd person, plural, active, indicative, present tense).
b) saso va bandhito (like a captured hare). The subject is the noun saso (hare, nominative singular). It has an attribute, the past participle bandhito (captured, nominative singular). The particle va (as, like) connects the clause to the main sentence.
2) sajyojanasavgasattaka dukkham upenti punappunaj ciraya (bound by the bonds of the Ten Fetters, they will undergo suffering again and again, for a long time). The subject is the compound sajyojanasavgasattaka (bound by the bonds of the Ten Fetters, nominative plural). The verb is upenti (undergo, 3rd person, plural, active, indicative, present tense). It has two attributes, the adverb punappunaj (again and again) and the adjective ciraya (for a long time, dative singular). The object is the noun dukkham (suffering, accusative singular).

Commentary:

The story for this verse is identical with the one for the four previous verses (DhP 338, DhP 339, DhP 340 and DhP 341) and for the following verse (DhP 343).
There are ten fetters (sajyojana). They can be divided into two kinds, five so called "lower" or "big" fetters and five "higher" or "small" fetters.
The five big fetters are:
1) personality belief (sakkaya-ditthi),
2) skeptical doubt (vicikiccha),
3) clinging to rules and rituals (silabbata-paramasa),
4) sensuous craving (kama-raga),
5) ill-will (vyapada).

The five small fetters are:
1) craving for fine-material existence (rupa-raga),
2) craving for immaterial existence (arupa-raga),
3) conceit (mana),
4) restlessness (uddhacca),
5) ignorance (avijja).

Sentence pronunciation:

Sentence pronunciation

Word pronunciation:

tasinaya
purakkhata
paja
parisappanti
saso
va
bandhito
sajyojanasavgasattaka
sajyojana
savga
sattaka
dukkham
upenti
punappunaj
puna
ciraya