Gatha | Sentence Translation | Sentence Structure
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List of Abbreviations

# evaj visesato batva appamadamhi pandita

# appamade pamodanti ariyanaj gocare rata

# (DhP 22)

Translation:

Having thus distinctively understood about conscientiousness, the wise ones rejoice in conscientiousness, delighting in the sphere of the Noble Ones.

Sentence Structure:
List of Abbreviations

evaj visesato batva a+ppamadamhi pandita
| | | | | |
Adv. Adv. V.ger. neg. N.m. N.m.
| | | | Loc.Sg. Nom.Pl.
| | | |______| |
| | |________|______________|
| | |_______|
| |__________________|
|_______________|
|_______________________________________________________

List of Abbreviations

a+ppamade pamodanti ariyanaj gocare rata
| | | | | |
neg. N.m. V.act.in. N.m. N.m. Adj.m.
| Loc.Sg. 3.Pl.pres. Gen.Pl. Loc.Sg. Nom.Pl.
|_____| | |_______| |
|____________| |___________|
|________________________|
_____________________|

Vocabulary and Grammar:
List of Abbreviations

evaj, Adv.: thus.

visesato, Adv.: distinctively, altogether. Originally an Abl.Sg. of the word visesa-, N.m.: distinction, excelence.

batva, V: having known. A ger. of the verb ba- (to know).

appamadamhi: appamada-, N.m.: conscientiousness, non-negligence. A negated (by the negative prefix a-) word pamada-, N.m.: negligence. Doubled p is due to the euphonic combination (a + pamada = appamada). Loc.Sg. = appamadamhi (or appamade, as below).

List of Abbreviations

pandita: pandita-, N.m.: wise man, learned man. Nom.Pl. = pandita.

appamade: appamada-, N.m.: conscientiousness, non-negligence. A negated (by the negative prefix a-) word pamada-, N.m.: negligence. Doubled p is due to the euphonic combination (a + pamada = appamada). Loc.Sg. = appamade (or appamadamhi, as above).

pamodanti, V.: to rejoice, to be happy, to be glad, to be satisfied. The verb root mud- with the strengthening prefix pa-. 3.Pl.act.in.pres. = pamodanti.

ariyanaj: ariya-, Adj.: noble, distinguished, good. Gen.Pl.m. = ariyanaj.

List of Abbreviations

gocare: gocara-, N.m.: pasture, sphere. A compound of:
go-, N.m.: cow
cara-, N.m.: going, walking. Derived from the verb car- (to walk, to roam).
Loc.Sg. = gocare.

rata: rata-, Adj.: delighting in. A p.p. of the verb ram- (to delight in, to enjoy).
Nom.Pl. = rata.

List of Abbreviations

The first part of the sentence is evaj visesato batva appamadamhi pandita (The wise ones, having thus distinctively understood about conscientiousness). The subject of this sentence is pandita (wise ones, nominative plural) and the verb is batva (having known, gerund). The object is appamadamhi (about conscientiousness, locative singular). There are two adverbs, visesato (distinctively) and evaj (thus) complementing this sentence.
The second part of the sentence is appamade pamodanti (they rejoice in conscientiousness). The subject is the word pandita from the previous sentence. The verb is pamodanti (rejoice, 3rd person plural, active, indicative, present tense). The object is appamade (in the conscientiousness, locative singular).
Next follows the clause ariyanaj gocare rata (delighting in the sphere of the Noble Ones). We can see the word rata (delighting, nominative plural) as an attribute to the main subject of the sentence (the word pandita). The object here is gocare (in the sphere, locative singular) with its attribute ariyanaj (of the Noble Ones, genitive plural).

Commentary:

The wise people know very clearly, that the conscientiousness is the state of deathlessness (the word thus refers to the previous verse, DhP 21). Therefore, they rejoice in conscientiousness, they praise it and pay high attention to it.
They are delighting in the "sphere of the Noble Ones". This is of course nothing else than the Nirvana. So, again, the only way to reach this state is to make conscientious effort in this direction, applying all one's energy and striving.

Sentence pronunciation:

Sentence pronunciation

Word pronunciation:

evaj
visesato
batva
appamadamhi
pandita
appamade
pamodanti
ariyanaj
gocare
rata