Gatha | Sentence Translation | Sentence Structure
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List of Abbreviations

# yesaj sambodhiyavgesu samma cittaj subhavitaj

# adanapatinissagge anupadaya ye rata

# khinasava jutimanto te loke parinibbuta

# (DhP 89)

Sentence Translation:

People, whose mind is truly well developed in the constituents of awakenment,
who are delighting in renunciation of attachments, without clinging,
with the taints removed and brilliant, they are completely emancipated in this world.

Sentence Structure:
List of Abbreviations

yesaj sambodhi+y+avgesu samma cittaj subhavitaj
| | | | | |
Rel.Pron.m. N.f. N.m. Adv. N.n. Adj.n.
Gen.Pl. | Loc.Pl. | Nom.Sg. Nom.Sg.
| |_________| |_____|________|
|________________|__________________| |
| |______________________|
|_________________|
|______________________________________________________

List of Abbreviations

adana+patinissagge anupadaya ye rata
| | | | |
N.n. N.m. V.ger. Rel.Pron.m. Adj.m.
| Loc.Sg. | Nom.Pl. Nom.Pl.
|_________| | | |
|______________|________|_________|
|________|_____|________________________________________I.
|____|
|________________________________________________II.

List of Abbreviations

khina+asava jutimanto te loke parinibbuta
| | | | | |
Adj. N.m. Adj.m. Pron.m. N.m. Adj.m.
| Nom.Pl. Nom.Pl. Nom.Pl. Loc.Sg. Nom.Pl.
|_______| | | |_______|
I.___|__________| |__________|
II.________| |
|_____________________|

Vocabulary and Grammar:
List of Abbreviations

yesaj: yat-, Rel.Pron.: that, which. Gen.Pl.m. = yesaj.

sambodhiyavgesu: sambodhiyavga-, N.m.: constituent of awakenment. It is a compound of:
sambodhi-, N.f.: completely awakened. It is a p.p. of the verb sam+budh-, to awaken completely.
Prefix sam- denotes the completeness of the action, "together", "wholly".
The verb budh- means to wake up.
avga-, N.n.: limb, part, constituent.
Euphonic combination: sambodhi- + avga- = sambodhiyavga. More usual form of this word (different outcome of the euphonic combination) is sambojjhavga-.
Loc.Pl. = sambodhiyavgesu.

samma, Adv.: properly, rightly, as it should be, truly.

cittaj: citta-, N.n.: mind. Nom.Sg. = cittaj.

List of Abbreviations

subhavitaj: subhavita-, Adj.: well developed. It is a p.p. of the verb bhav- (to develop, to meditate) with the prefix su- (good, well). Nom.Sg.n. = subhavitaj.

adanapatinissagge: adanapatinissagga-, N.m.: renunciation of attachments. It is a compound of:
a dana-, N.n.: attachment, clinging.
patinissagga-, N.m.: giving up, renunciation.
Loc.Sg. = adanapatinissagge.

anupadaya, V.ger.: not clinging, not attached. It is a negated (by the negative prefix an-) ger. of the verb upadiyati (to cling, to be attached). This verb can be analyzed as the root da- (to give) with the prefix a- (towards). Thus adiyati means take up, seize, grasp. Further, the prefix upa- (nearness, close touch) is also added.

ye: yat-, Rel.Pron.: that, which. Nom.Pl.m. = ye.

List of Abbreviations

rata: rata-, Adj.: delighting in. It is a p.p. of the verb ram- (to delight in, to enjoy). Nom.Pl.m. = rata.

khinasava: khinasava-, Adj.: having removed the taints. It is a compound of:
khina-, Adj.: removed, destroyed. It is a p.p. of the verb root khi- (to remove, to destroy).
a sava-, N.m.: taint, corruption.
Nom.Pl.m. = khinasava.

jutimanto: jutimant-, Adj.: brilliant, bright. It is the word juti-, N.f.: light, brilliance with the possessive suffix mant-. Nom.Pl.m. = jutimanto.

te: tat-, Pron.: that. Masculine form sa. Nom.Pl. = te.

loke: loka-, N.m.; world. Loc.Sg. = loke.

parinibbuta: parinibbuta-, Adj.: completely emancipated, completely free, having reached the Nirvana. It is a p.p. of the verb parinibbayati (to be completely emancipated). Nom.Pl.m. = parinibbuta.

List of Abbreviations

This verse consists of two related sentences. They are:
1) yesaj sambodhiyavgesu samma cittaj subhavitaj adanapatinissagge anupadaya ye rata khinasava jutimanto (people, whose mind is truly well developed in the constituents of awakenment, who are delighting in renunciation of attachments, without clinging, with the taints removed and brilliant). This sentence can be further subdivided into two segments:
a) yesaj sambodhiyavgesu samma cittaj subhavitaj (people, whose mind is truly well developed in the constituents of awakenment). Here the subject is the noun cittaj (mind, nominative singular). It has an attribute, the relative pronoun yesaj (whose, genitive plural). The past participle subhavitaj (well developed, nominative singular) serves as the verb of this sentence. It has two attributes, the adverb samma (truly) and the compound sambodhiyavgesu (in the constituents of awakenment).
b) adanapatinissagge anupadaya ye rata khinasava jutimanto (who are delighting in renunciation of attachments, without clinging, with the taints removed and brilliant). The subject of this sentence is the relative pronoun ye (those, who; nominative plural). It has four attributes, the gerund anupadaya (without clinging), the compound khinasava (having taints removed, nominative plural), the adjective jutimanto (brilliant, nominative plural) and the past participle rata (delighting in, nominative plural). This last word has an attribute, the compound adanapatinissagge (in the renunciation of attachments, locative singular). The verb is omitted, implying the verb "to be".
2) te loke parinibbuta (they are completely emancipated in this world). The subject is the pronoun te (they, nominative plural). The verb is again omitted; the verb "to be" is implied. The subject has an attribute, the past participle parinibbuta (completely emancipated, nominative plural). This word has the noun loke (in [this] world, locative singular) as an attribute.

Commentary:

A group of monks came to see the Buddha and asked him for advice on meditation. The Buddha advised them with this verse and with the two preceeding ones (DhP 87, DhP 88).
In order to reach the awakenment, one must fully develop the "constituents of awakenment". They are seven: mindfulness (sati), investigation of the Dharma (dhammavicaya), energy (viriya), joy (piti), tranquility (passadhi), concentration (samadhi) and equanimity (upekkha). We also must not cling to anything and take delight in renouncing all the attachments. Most importantly, we must "remove the taints". Traditionally, these four taints (asava) are mentioned in the texts: sense desire (kama), desiring eternal existence (bhava), wrong views (ditthi) and ignorance (avijja). If we remove these taints, we will "shine" with wisdom and be truly completely emancipated from the suffering.

Sentence pronunciation:

Sentence pronunciation

Word pronunciation:

yesaj
sambodhiyavgesu
sambodhi
avgesu
samma
cittaj
subhavitaj
adanapatinissagge
adana
patinissagge
anupadaya
ye
rata
khinasava
khin a
asava
jutimanto
te
loke
parinibbuta