Gatha | Sentence Translation | Sentence Structure
Vocabulary&Grammar | Commentary | Pronunciation

List of Abbreviations

# yo ca vantakasav'assa silesu susamahito

# upeto damasaccena sa ve kasavaj arahati

# (DhP 10)

Translation:

And who would get rid of defilement, well settled in virtues,
Endowed with restraint and truth, he deserves a yellow robe.

Sentence structure:
List of Abbreviations

yo ca vanta+kasavo assa silesu su+samahito
| | | | | | | |
Rel.Pron. conj. Adj. N.m. V.act. N.n. pref. Adj.m.
Nom.Pl. | | Nom.Sg. 3.Sg.opt. Loc.Pl. | Nom.Sg.
| | |_____| | | |____|
| | | | |________|
|__________|_________|__________|____________|_______________________I.
| |___________________________________II.
|_______________________________________________________III.

upeto dama+saccena sa ve kasavaj arahati List of Abbreviations
| | | | | | |
Adj.m. N.n. N.n. Pron.m. conj. N.n. V.act.pres.
Nom.Sg. | Ins.Sg. Nom.Sg. | Acc.Sg. 3.Sg.ind.
| |______| |_______|_______|________|
|___________| | |___|
I._______| |________|
II.____| |
III.__| |
|________________________________|

Vocabulary and Grammar:
List of Abbreviations

yo: yad-, Rel.Pron.n., that which. Nom.Sg.m. = yo.

ca, conj.: and.

vantakasavo: vantakasava-, Adj.: having "thrown up" the defilement. A compound of two words:
vanta-, Adj.: thrown up. It is p.p. of vam- (to throw up, to discard).
kasava-, N.m.: defilement.
Nom.Sg.m. of the compound = vantakasavo. (In this verse, the final -o disappeared due to euphonic combination with the following word).

List of Abbreviations

assa: the verb as- (to be). 3.Sg.opt.act.: assa (would be).

silesu: sila-, N.n.: virtue. Loc.Pl.: silesu.

susamahito: susamahita-, Adj.: The word samahita- (Adj., p.p. of the verb dha-, to put, with the prefixes saj-, together and a-, towards. Thus samahita- means settled, composed, firm) with the prefix su- (well).
Nom.Sg.m.: susamahito.

upeto: Adj.: endowed. It is p.p. of the verb i- (to go) with the prefix upa- (near, towards). Nom.Sg.m.: upeto.

List of Abbreviations

damasaccena: damasacca-, N.n.: restraint and truth. A compound of:
dama-, N.n.: restraint, self-control.
sacca-, N.n.: truth.
Ins.Sg. of the compound = damasaccena.

sa: tad-, Pron.n.: it. Nom.Sg.m. = sa (the more usual form is so, as in the previous verse).

ve: affirmative particle, indeed, truly.

kasavaj: kasava-, Adj.: yellow. As an attribute of vattha (see gatha 9) denoting the yellow robes of Buddhist monks. Sometimes (as in this verse) can be used without the word vattha.
Acc.Sg.n. = kasavaj.

arahati: the verb arah-, to deserve. 3.Sg.pres.act.in. = arahati.
List of Abbreviations

As in the previous verse (DhP 9), here we also find two paratactic sentences: yo ca vantakasav'assa silesu susamahito upeto damasaccena and sa ve kasavaj arahati.

The subject in the first sentence is yo (one, who), which is in nominative singular. The verb assa (would be) is in 3rd person, singular, optative, active voice. Optative expresses an "option" of the verb. We can translate it by "would [verb]", "should [verb]" or "might [verb]".

The subject has three attributes: vantakasavo, silesu susamahito and upeto damasaccena. First one is vantakasavo (one, who has "thrown up" the defilement). It agrees with the subject and is therefore in nominative singular. Second one is the word susamahito (well settled, agrees with the subject - it is in nominative singular) with its own attribute silesu (in virtues; locative plural). Last one is upeto damasaccena (endowed with restraint and truth). Here upeto (endowed) is in nominative singular and damasaccena (with restraint and truth) is in instrumental singular, since it is actually an attribute to upeto.

In the second sentence, the subject is sa (he), which is in nominative singular. The verb arahati (deserves, 3rd person, singular, active voice, indicative, present tense) is stressed by the affirmative particle ve (indeed). The word kasavaj is the object of this sentence, it is in accusative singular.

Commentary:

In contrast to DhP 9, the person, who deserves to wear a monk's robe is described here. Who "threw up", or got completely rid of, defilement (vantakasavo), who is well settled and well established in his virtues (silesu susamahito) and who is endowed (upeto) with restraint (dama) and knows the truth (sacca), such a person deserves to wear a yellow monk's robe. Such a person can truly be called a monk.

Sentence pronunciation:

Sentence pronunciation

Word pronunciation:

yo
ca
vantakasavo
assa
silesu
susamahito
upeto
damasaccena
sa
ve
kasavaj
arahati