Gatha | Sentence Translation | Sentence Structure
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List of Abbreviations

# kodhaj jahe vippajaheyya manaj

# sajyojanaj sabbam atikkameyya

# taj namarupasmim asajjamanaj

# akibcanaj nanupatanti dukkha

# (DhP 221)

Sentence Translation:

Renounce anger; abandon pride.
Overcome all fetters.
The one, who is not attached to mind and body,
and has nothing, is not followed by suffering.

Sentence Structure:
List of Abbreviations

kodhaj jahe vippajaheyya manaj
| | | |
N.m. V.act. V.act. N.m.
Acc.Sg. 3.Sg.opt. 3.Sg.opt. Acc.Sg.
|_________| |________|

List of Abbreviations

sajyojanaj sabbam atikkameyya
| | |
N.n. Adj.n. V.act.
Acc.Sg. Acc.Sg. 3.Sg.opt.
|_____________| |
|_______________|

List of Abbreviations

taj nama+rupasmim asajjamanaj
| | | |
Pron.m. N.n. N.n. Adj.m.
Acc.Sg. | Loc.Sg. Acc.Sg.
| |_______| |
| |_____________|
| |_________________________________________I.
|___________________________________|
|______________________________________________II.

List of Abbreviations

akibcanaj na anupatanti dukkha
| | | |
Adj.m. neg. V.act.in. N.m.
Acc.Sg. | 3.Pl.pres. Nom.Pl.
| |______| |
I._____| | |
II.__| | |
|____________| |
|_________________|

Vocabulary and Grammar:
List of Abbreviations

kodhaj: kodha-, N.m.: anger. Acc.Sg. = kodhaj.

jahe, V.: should renounce, should leave behind. The verb root is ha-. 3.Sg.act.opt. = jahe.

vippajaheyya, V.: should give up, should abandon. The verb root is ha- (to renounce) with the prefixes vi- (away) and pa- (strengthening). 3.Sg.act.opt. = vippajaheyya.

manaj: mana-, N.m.: pride, conceit. Acc.Sg. = manaj.

sajyojanaj: sajyojana-, N.n.: bond, fetter. For enumeration see the Commentary.
Ac.Sg. = sajyojanaj.

List of Abbreviations

sabbam: sabba-, Adj.: all, every. Acc.Sg.n. = sabbam.

atikkameyya, V.: should overcome, should pass beyond. The verb root is kam- (to go, to walk), with the prefix ati- (over, beyond). 3.Sg.act.opt. = atikkameyya.

taj: tad-, Pron.: that. Nom.Sg.m. = taj.

namarupasmim: namarupa-, N.n.: mind and body. It is a compound of:
nama-, N.n.: mind, immaterial factors of an individual.
rupa-, N.n.: form, body, figure, material factors of an individual.
Loc.Sg. = namarupasmim.

asajjamanaj: asajjamana-, Adj.: not clinging, not attached. It is the word sajjamana-, Adj. (clinging, attached; it is an pass.pr.p. of the verb root saj-, to hang on), negated by the negative prefix a-. Acc.Sg.m. = asajjamanaj.

List of Abbreviations

akibcanaj: akibcana-, Adj.: having nothing. It is the word kibcana-, N.n.: something, anything with the negative prefix a-. Acc.Sg.m. = akibcanaj.

na, neg.: not.

anupatanti, V.: follow, go after. The verb root is pat- (to fall, to fly) with the prefix anu- (after, along). 3.Pl.act.in.pres. = anupatanti.
Euphonic combination: na + anupatanti = nanupatanti.

dukkha: dukkha-, Adj.: painful, unpleasant, causing suffering. As an N.m.: suffering.
Nom.Pl. = dukkha.

List of Abbreviations

This verse consists of four sentences. They are:
1) kodhaj jahe (renounce anger). The subject is omitted; the verb implies the third person singular pronoun. The verb is jahe (one should renounce, 3rd person, singular, active, optative). The object is the noun kodhaj (anger, accusative singular).
2) vippajaheyya manaj (abandon pride). The subject is omitted; the verb implies the third person singular pronoun. The verb is vippajaheyya (one should abandon, 3rd person, singular, active, optative). The object is the noun manaj (pride, accusative singular).
3) sajyojanaj sabbam atikkameyya (overcome all fetters). The subject is omitted; the verb implies the third person singular pronoun. The verb is atikkameyya (one should overcome, 3rd person, singular, active, optative). The object is the noun sajyojanaj (fetter, accusative singular). It has an attribute, the adjective sabbaj (all, accusative singular).
4) taj namarupasmim asajjamanaj akibcanaj nanupatanti dukkha (the one, who is not attached to mind and body, and has nothing, is not followed by suffering). The subject is the noun dukkha (sufferings, nominative plural). The verb is anupatanti (follow, 3rd person, plural, active, indicative, present tense). It is negated by the negative particle na (not). The object is the pronoun taj (him, accusative singular). It has two attributes, the adjective akibcanaj (having nothing, accusative singular) and the passive present participle asajjamanaj (not attached, accusative singular). This word has an attribute, the compound namarupasmim (to mind and body, locative singular).

Commentary:

There are ten fetters (sajyojana). They can be divided into two kinds, five so called "lower" or "big" fetters and five "higher" or "small" fetters.
The five big fetters are:
1) personality belief (sakkaya-ditthi),
2) skeptical doubt (vicikiccha),
3) clinging to rules and rituals (silabbata-paramasa),
4) sensuous craving (kama-raga),
5) ill-will (vyapada).
The five small fetters are:
1) craving for fine-material existence (rupa-raga),
2) craving for immaterial existence (arupa-raga),
3) conceit (mana),
4) restlessness (uddhacca),
5) ignorance (avijja).

Venerable Anuruddha once came to Kapilavatthu to see his relatives. All of them came to meet him; only his sister Rohini did not come. Anuruddha asked about her and learned that she was suffering from a skin disease. Anuruddha sent for her and told her to perform some meritorious deeds. Rohini began to build a community hall. Even before the construction was completed, she started to sweep it every day and fill the water pots. She began to feel better immediately.
When the hall was finished, the Buddha and monks were invited for an almsfood there. After the meal the Buddha asked Rohini to come. He then revealed, that she was suffering because of evil deed done in one of her previous lives.
She was the queen of Benares. The king had a dancer he liked very much. The queen became jealous and instructed her servants to put some itching powder into the dancer's bed. Thus the dancer itched all over and when she went to bed to rest, her condition got even worse.
The Buddha then exhorted her and all the people present to give up anger and pride and not to cling to anything. He further added this verse. Rohini and some other people attained full Awakenment immediately. At the same time Rohini's disease was cured and her skin became smooth and clear.

Sentence pronunciation:

Sentence pronunciation

Word pronunciation:

kodhaj
jahe
vippajaheyya
manaj
sajyojanaj
sabbam
atikkameyya
taj
namarupasmim
nama
rupasmim
asajjamanaj
akibcanaj
na
anupatanti
dukkha