Gatha | Sentence Translation | Sentence Structure
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List of Abbreviations

# piyato jayati soko piyato jayati bhayaj

# piyato vippamuttassa natthi soko kuto bhayaj

# (DhP 212)

Sentence Translation:

From affection, grief is born. From affection, fear is born.
One freed from affection has no grief, whence fear?

Sentence Structure:
List of Abbreviations

piyato jayati soko piyato jayati bhayaj
| | | | | |
N.n. V.med.in. N.m. N.n. V.med.in. N.n.
Abl.Sg. 3.Sg.pres. Nom.Sg. Abl.Sg. 3.Sg.pres. Nom.Sg.
|__________| | |_______| |
|_____________| |____________|

List of Abbreviations

piyato vippamuttassa na atthi soko kuto bhayaj
| | | | | | |
N.n. Adj.m. neg. V.act.in. N.m. Adv. N.n.
Abl.Sg. Gen.Sg. | 3.Sg.pres. Nom.Sg. | Nom.Sg.
|___________| |_____| | |______|
|_______________| |________|
|________________________|

Vocabulary and Grammar:
List of Abbreviations

piyato: piya-, N.n.: affection, a pleasant thing, pleasure. Abl.Sg. = piyato.

jayati, V.: is born. The verb root is jan- (to be born). 3.Sg.med.in.pres. = jayati. The form jayati is sometimes used in poetry.

soko: soka-, N.m.: grief, sorrow. Nom.Sg. = soko.

piyato: see above.

jayati: see above.

bhayaj: bhaya-, N.n.: fear. Nom.Sg. = bhayaj.

List of Abbreviations

piyato: see above.

vippamuttassa: vippamutta-, Adj.: emancipated, freed, released. It is a p.p. of the verb muc- (to release) with the prefixes vi- (meaning separation) and pa- (strengthening). Gen.Sg.m. = vippamuttassa.

na, neg.: not.

atthi, V.: is. The verb root is as- (to be). 3.Sg.act.in.pres. = atthi.
Euphonic combination: na + atthi = natthi.

soko: see above.

kuto, Adv.: Whence? Where from?

bhayaj: see above.

List of Abbreviations

This verse consists of three syntactically separate sentences. They are:
1) piyato jayati soko (from affection, grief is born). The subject is the noun soko (grief, nominative singular). The verb is jayati (is born, 3rd person, singular, medium, indicative, present tense). It has an attribute, the noun piyato (from affection, ablative singular).
2) piyato jayati bhayaj (from affection, fear is born). The subject is the noun bhayaj (fear, nominative singular). The verb is jayati (is born, 3rd person, singular, medium, indicative, present tense). It has an attribute, the noun piyato (from affection, ablative singular).
3) piyato vippamuttassa natthi soko kuto bhayaj (one freed from affection has no grief, whence fear?). This can be further analysed into two segments:
a) piyato vippamuttassa natthi soko (one freed from affection has no grief). The subject is the noun soko (grief, nominative singular). The verb is atthi (is, 3rd person, singular, active, indicative, present tense). It is negated by the negative particle na (not). The verb has an attribute, the past participle vippamuttassa (of the one who is freed, genitive singular). This word has also an attribute, the noun piyato (from affection, ablative singular).
b) kuto bhayaj (whence fear?). The subject is the noun bhayaj (fear, nominative singular). The verb is omitted, implying the verb "to be". The adverb kuto (whence?) can be seen as an attribute to this verb.

Commentary:

One rich man had a son and loved him very much. The son got ill and died. The man was extremely depressed. Every day he went to the cemetery and wept there. Once the Buddha met him there and asked what happened. The rich man told the Buddha about his son.
The Buddha consoled him with this verse, saying that since everything and everybody must die, we should not be attached to people and things. The rich man immediately attained the first stage of Awakenment.

Sentence pronunciation:

Sentence pronunciation

Word pronunciation:
piyato
jayati
soko
bhayaj
vippamuttassa
na
atthi
kuto