Gatha | Sentence Translation | Sentence Structure
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List of Abbreviations

# yo ca sameti papani anuj thulani sabbaso

# samitatta hi papanaj samano ti pavuccati

# (DhP 265)

Sentence Translation:

Who conquers evil thoroughly, be it small or big,
one is called a monk because of having conquered all evils.

Sentence Structure:
List of Abbreviations

yo ca sameti papani anuj thulani sabbaso
| | | | | | |
Rel.Pron.m. conj. V.act.in. N.n. Adj.n. Adj.n. Adv.
Nom.Sg. | 3.Sg.pres. Acc.Pl. Acc.Sg. Acc.Pl. |
| | | | |______| |
| | | | |_________|
| | | |______________|
| | |______________|
|____________|____________|
|_____________________________________________________

List of Abbreviations

samitatta hi papanaj samano ti pavuccati
| | | | | |
N.n. part. N.n. N.m. part. V.pas.in.
Abl.Sg. | Gen.Pl. Nom.Sg. | 3.Sg.pres.
|_________|____| |_____| |
|____________________|_________|
|___________|
___________________|

Vocabulary and Grammar:
List of Abbreviations

yo: yad-, Rel.Pron.: that which. Nom.Sg.m. = yo.

ca, conj.: and.

sameti, V.: meets, assembles, corresponds to. Here rather means "meet [and conquer]". The verb root is i- (to go) with the prefix sam- (together). 3.Sg.act.in.pres. = sameti.

papani: papa-, Adj.: evil, wrong. As an N.n.: evil, wrong doing. Acc.Pl. = papani.

anuj: anu-, Adj.: small, atomic, subtle. Acc.Sg.n. = anuj.

thulani: thula-, Adj.: massive, big, strong. Acc.Pl.n. = thulani.

sabbaso, Adv.: altogether, thoroughly. It is derived from the word sabba-, Adj.: all.

List of Abbreviations

samitatta: samitatta-, N.n.: the state of being destroyed. It is derived from the verb sameti (see above). Abl.Sg. = samitatta.

hi, part.: indeed.

papanaj: papa-, Adj./N.n.: see above. Gen.Pl. = papanaj.

samano: samana-, N.m.: a recluse, a wandering ascetic, a monk (not only a Buddhist monk).
Nom.Sg. = samano.

ti, part.: a particle, symbolizing the end of direct speech. In English this is expressed by quotation marks. Sometimes it is written as iti.

pavuccati, V,: is called. It is a passive form of the verb root vac- (to say), with the strengthening prefix pa-. 3.Sg.pas.in.pres. = pavuccati.

List of Abbreviations

This verse consists of two related sentences. They are:
1) yo ca sameti papani anuj thulani sabbaso (who conquers evil thoroughly, be it small or big). The subject is the relative pronoun yo (who, nominative singular). The verb is sameti (conquers, 3rd person, singular, active, indicative, present tense). The object is the noun papani (evils, accusative plural). It has two attributes, the adjectives anuj (small, accusative singular) and thulani (big, accusative plural). They both have an attribute, the adverb sabbaso (thoroughly). The conjunction ca (and) serves mainly for metrical purposes.
2) samitatta hi papanaj samano ti pavuccati (one is called a monk because of having conquered all evils). The subject is omitted; the verb implies the third person singular pronoun. The verb is pavuccati (is called, 3rd person, singular, passive, indicative, present tense). It has an attribute, the noun samitatta (because of having conquered, ablative singular). This word has an attribute, the noun papanaj (of evils, genitive plural). The object is the noun samano (monk, nominative singular). It is modified by the particle ti (quotation marks). The particle hi (indeed) serves mainly for metrical purposes.

Commentary:

The story for this verse is identical with the one for the previous verse (DhP 264).
To be a monk is not easy. Just to wear the monk's robe and have one's head shaven is certainly not enough. If a monk lacks discipline and resolve, then he is not to be called a monk. Only after having met and conquered evils, greed, desire and others, and with firm self-discipline, is one truly a monk.

Sentence pronunciation:

Sentence pronunciation

Word pronunciation:

yo
ca
sameti
papani
anuj
thuulani
sabbaso
samitatta
hi
papanaj
samano
ti
pavuccati