Gatha | Sentence Translation | Sentence Structure
Vocabulary&Grammar | Commentary | Pronunciation

List of Abbreviations

# ayoge yubjam attanaj yogasmij ca ayojanaj

# atthaj hitva piyaggahi pihetattanuyoginaj

# (DhP 209)

Sentence Translation:

Undertaking what is not to be undertaken, not undertaking what is to be undertaken,
having renounced spiritual welfare; one grasping after the pleasant envies one who is pursuing the purification of mind.

Sentence Structure:
List of Abbreviations

ayoge yubjam attanaj yogasmij ca ayojanaj
| | | | | |
N.m. Adj.m. N.m. N.m. conj. N.n.
Loc.Sg. Nom.Sg. Acc.Sg. Loc.Sg. | Nom.Sg.
| |_______| |_____|_____|
|_____________| |__|
|______________________|_________________________________

List of Abbreviations

atthaj hitva piya+ggahi piheti atta+anuyoginaj
| | | | | | |
N.n. V.ger. Adj. Adj.m. V.act.in. N.m. Adj.m.
Acc.Sg. | | Nom.Sg. 3.Sg.pres. | Acc.Sg.
|________| |_____| | |_______|
| | |_________|
| |_______________|
____|___________________|

Vocabulary and Grammar:
List of Abbreviations

ayoge: ayoga-, N.m.: what is not to be undertaken. It is the word yoga-, N.m.: see below, negated by the negative prefix a-. Loc.Sg. = ayoge.

yubjam: yubjant-, Adj.: pursuing, undertaking. It is an a.pr.p. of the verb root yuj- (to connect). Nom.Sg.m. = yubjam.

attanaj: attan-, N.m.: self, oneself. Acc.Sg. = attanaj.

yogasmij: yoga-, N.m.: lit. endeavor, effort, undertaking. It is derived from the verb root yuj- (to connect). Here: what is to be undertaken. Loc.Sg. = yogasmij.

ca, conj.: and.

ayojanaj: ayojana-, N.n.: pursuing, undertaking. It is derived from the verb root yuj- (to connect) with the negative prefix a-. Nom.Sg. = ayojanaj.

atthaj: attha-, N.n.: welfare, attainment. Here in the sense of "spiritual attainment". Acc.Sg. = atthaj.

List of Abbreviations

hitva, V.ger.: having renounced, having left behind. It is a ger. of the verb ha- (to abandon, to leave).

piyaggahi: piyagahin-, Adj.: grasping after the pleasant. It is a compound of:
piya-, Adj.: dear, beloved, pleasant.
gahin-, Adj.: grasping. It is derived from the verb root gah- (to grasp) with the possessive suffix -in. Nom.Sg.m. = piyagahi.

piheti, V.: envy, covet, desire. The verb root is pih-. 3.Sg.act.in.pres. = piheti.

attanuyoginaj: attanuyogin-, Adj.: pursuing the purification of one's mind. Lit. pursuing oneself, given to oneself. It is a compound of:
attan-, N.m.: self, oneself. Compound form: atta-.
anuyogin-, Adj.: pursuing, given to. It is derived from the verb root yuj- (to connect) with the prefix anu- (after) and the possessive suffix -in.
Euphonic combination: atta- + anuyogin- = attanuyogin-.
Acc.Sg.m. = attanuyoginaj.
Euphonic combination: piheti + attanuyoginaj = pihetattanuyoginaj.

List of Abbreviations

This verse consists of four related sentences. They are:
1) ayoge yubjam attanaj (undertaking what is not to be undertaken). The subject is omitted. The verb is in the active present participle, yubjam (undertaking, nominative singular). It has an attribute, the noun attanaj (oneself, accusative singular). The object is the noun ayoge (what is not to be undertaken, locative singular).
2) yogasmij ca ayojanaj (not undertaking what is to be undertaken). The subject is the noun ayojanaj (not undertaking, nominative singular). The verb is omitted, implying the verb "to be". The object is the noun yogasmij (what is to be undertaken, locative singular). The conjunction ca (and) connects the sentence to the previous one.
3) atthaj hitva (having renounced spiritual welfare). The subject is omitted. The verb is in gerund, hitva (having renounced). The object is the noun atthaj (spiritual welfare, accusative singular).
4) piyaggahi pihetattanuyoginaj (one grasping after the pleasant envies one who is pursuing the purification of mind). The subject is the compound adjective piyaggahi (one who is grasping after the pleasant, nominative singular). The verb is piheti (envies, 3rd person, singular, active, indicative, present tense). The object is the adjective attanuyoginaj (one who is pursuing the purification of mind, accusative singular).

Commentary:

A young man from Savatthi became a monk. Both his parents were very strongly attached to their son, so they left home too. But even in the monastery they could not live without each other. They stayed together, ate together, all day only talking, as if they were still at home. When the Buddha heard this, he admonished them strongly that by becoming monks and a nun, they should leave behind all worldly attachments. He also told them this verse as well as the two following ones (DhP 210, DhP 211).

Sentence pronunciation:

Sentence pronunciation

Word pronunciation:

ayoge
yubjam
attanaj
yogasmij
ca
ayojanaj
atthaj
hitva
piyaggahi
piya
gahi
piheti
attanuyoginaj
atta
anuyoginaj